Table 2.

Summary of data for enzymatic upgrading of butyric acid and butanol to various derivatives.

Product	Donor	Acceptor	Lipase	System	Yield (Time)	T (°C)	Reference
Butyl-acetate	Acetic acid	Butanol	Novozym 435	Hexane	91.5% (2.5 h)	40	Martins et al. (2011)
Butyl-acetate	Acetic acid	Butanol	Novozym 435	Hexane	94% (2.5 h)	46	Martins et al. (2013a)
Butyl-acetate	Acetic acid	Butanol	Lipozyme IM20	Hexane	90% (96 h)	45	Kumar and Rao (2003)
Butyl-butyrate	Butyric acid	Butanol	Type VII	Heptane	75% (24 h)	41	Santos and de Castro (2006)
Butyl-butyrate	Butyric acid	Butanol	Lipozyme RM-IM	Hexane	>90% (16 h)	40	Lorenzoni et al. (2012)
					94.8% (24 h)
Butyl-butyrate	Butyric acid	Butanol	Lipozyme TL-IM or MCI-TLL	Hexane	∼95% (7 ha)	50	Martins et al. (2013b)
Butyl-butyrate	Butyric acid	Butanol	Lipozyme TL-IM	Hexane	95% (3 h)	48	Martins et al. (2013c)
Butyl-butyrate	Butyric acid	Butanol	Mucor sp. lipase	Cyclohexan	95% (24 h)	35	Abbas and Comeau (2003)
Butyl-caproate	Caproic acid	Butanol	Mucor sp. lipase	Cyclohexan	100% (24 h)	35	Abbas and Comeau (2003)
Ethyl-butyrate	Butyric acid	Ethanol	Lipozyme TL-IM	Solvent-free	90% (6 h)	30	Paludo et al. (2015)
Butyl-butyrate	Butyric acid	Butanol	Novozym 435	Hexadecane in aqueous broth media	34 mM	37	van den Berg et al. (2012)

^aThe time was taken by a figure of the article.