The effect of education on number of births (controlling for age category) in Matlab, San Borja, and Poland. Education categories range from 1 to 5. In Matlab and San Borja, 1 = no education, 2 = low primary education, 3 = high primary/low secondary education, 4 = completed secondary school, 5 = tertiary education. In Poland, 1 = some primary, 2 = full primary, 3 = vocational, 4 = secondary, 5 = tertiary. Error bars represent standard errors.