Table 1.

Multilevel regression predicting height-for-age z-scores for the full sample and by age group

Sample	Height-for-age z-score [β (95% CIs)]
	1	2	3	4	5
	All children [compare with table S3 in Lawson et al. (1)]	Children ≥ 30 mo	Children < 30 mo	Children ≥ 30 mo	Children < 30 mo
Household type: Polygynous (reference: monogamous)	−0.07	−0.21**	0.00	−0.16*	0.06
	(−0.20; 0.06)	(−0.38; −0.05)	(−0.19; 0.20)	(−0.33; 0.01)	(−0.14; 0.26)
Child age (mo)	−0.09***	0.07	−0.18***	0.06	−0.18***
	(−0.10; −0.07)	(−0.03; 0.16)	(−0.22; −0.14)	(−0.03; 0.15)	(−0.21; −0.14)
Child age (mo2)	0.00***	0.00	0.00***	0.00	0.00***
	(0.00; 0.00)	(-0.00; 0.00)	(0.00; 0.01)	(-0.00; 0.00)	(0.00; 0.01)
Child sex (reference: boy)	0.13**	0.05	0.19**	0.05	0.19**
	(0.02; 0.24)	(−0.09; 0.19)	(0.03; 0.36)	(−0.10; 0.19)	(0.02; 0.35)
Age of household head (y)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	(−0.00; 0.01)	(−0.00; 0.01)	(−0.00; 0.01)	(−0.00; 0.01)	(−0.00; 0.01)
Season: Hunger (reference: not hunger)	−0.37***	−0.36**	−0.36***	−0.31**	−0.34***
	(−0.62; −0.12)	(−0.64; -0.08)	(−0.62; −0.11)	(−0.55; −0.07)	(−0.58; −0.10)
Polygyny prevalence				0.00	0.01
				(−0.01; 0.02)	(−0.01; 0.02)
Annual rainfall				0.01**	0.01
				(0.00; 0.02)	(−0.00; 0.02)
Percent nonzero education				0.01***	0.01***
				(0.00; 0.02)	(0.00; 0.02)
Distance to capital				0.00	−0.01*
				(−0.01; 0.00)	(−0.01; 0.00)
Observations	2,704	1,325	1,379	1,325	1,379

Column 1 replicates Lawson et al. (1). Columns 2 and 3 present estimates for children older and younger than 30 mo (split at the sample median of age to ensure balanced statistical power). Adverse effects of polygyny are concentrated among the older children. Qualitatively similar age patterns emerge when controlling for village-level covariates in columns 4 and 5, as well as village dummies (unreported). All models include random effects at the village level and an intercept. *P < 0.1, **P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. Statistically significant estimates at P > 0.1 are in bold.