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. 2016 Apr 6;3:16023. doi: 10.1038/mtm.2016.23

Table 1. Multifunctional nanoparticles for preclinical gene delivery studies.

Functionalization Delivery systems Advantages
PEGylation PEG-βCD; PEG-PEI Enhanced of stabilization; prevention of protein absorption; improved circulation time39,40
Targeting RGD-HA-PEI-PBLG; R-PEG20C; transferrin-lipid Enhanced gene target efficacy in vivo44,48,51
Stimulus response pH sensitive; light sensitive; redox sensitive Enhanced gene target efficacy in vivo52–54
Cell penetrating p(DAHa-E/APIb) Cross cell membrane; enhanced cellular uptake58
Endosome escaping (Arg)7-FI-PNA Cross cell membrane; improved endosomal escaping59
Nuclear localization PC/pDNA/NLS; VKRKKKP-R8 Nuclear localization62,63

βCD, β-cyclodextrin; NLS, nuclear localization sequence; PC, β-cyclodextrin and polyethylenimine; PEI, polyethylenimine; R-PEG20C, cRGD-PEG-PAsp(DET)-cholesteryl.