. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2016 Apr;44(3):405–419. doi: 10.1007/s10802-015-0121-9

Table 1.

Three competing proposals for a neurodevelopmental or ADHD-related spectrum

One: Dysregulated grouping (disorders of self control):

ADHD, Conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, substance use disorders, antisocial personality disorder, (?) borderline personality disorder.

Two: Neurodevelopmental grouping (disorders of early neural development or subtle early neural injury)(as in DSM-5)

ADHD, autism, ID, LD, language and communication disorders, motor delays.

Three: Neurodevelopmental grouping expanded (disorders of aberrant neurodevelopment):

ADHD, ASD, ID, LD, language, motor, and schizophrenia.