Epithelial girth and cell number were decreased in intestine lacking GATA4. (A) HNF4A immunohistochemistry (brown nuclear stain) marked intestinal epithelial cells of Gata4loxP/+ control and Gata4loxP/-ShhCre cKO embryos. Hematoxylin was used to counterstain. Epithelial thickness appeared decreased in GATA4 mutants. (B) Epithelial thickness was decreased in GATA4 mutants. Per HNF4A stained section, 4 measurements were taken (diagram, arrows) and averaged (n ≥ 5 sections, ≥3 controls and mutants per stage). At E14.5, measurements were made in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. (C) Mesenchymal thickness was equivalent between GATA4 mutants and controls. Per HNF4A stained section, 4 measurements were taken (diagram, arrows) and averaged (n ≥ 5 sections, ≥5 controls and mutants per stage). At E14.5, jejunum was measured. (D) GATA4 mutant epithelium contained fewer HNF4+ epithelial cells compared with controls (n ≥ 5 sections, ≥4 controls and mutants per stage; jejunal sections counted at E14.5 and E16.5). Error bars show SEM. P values were determined by 2-sample Student t test: *P ≤ .05, **P ≤ .01. Scale bars: 50 μm.