Table 1.

Summary of seven studies evaluating ANL and real-world hearing aid outcomes. The first four studies found significant associations between ANL and outcomes, while this association was less clear in the last three studies. The percentage shown in parentheses in the last column represents the percentage of observed successful users defined by a given outcome measure. Nabelek et al (2006) and Freyaldenhoven et al (2008a) used the same group of subjects.

	Subject number	Hearing aid experience	ANL delivery	Design	Outcome measure
Nabelek et al (2006)/Freyaldenhoven et al (2008a)	191	First-time users:16.2%; Experienced users: 3 months to 3 years experience	Sound field	Cross-sectional	HA-Use (36.1%)
Freyaldenhoven et al (2008b)	69	Information unavailable	Sound field	Cross-sectional	HA-Use (36.2%)
Taylor (2008)	27	All first-time users	Binaural earphones	Prospective (1-month outcome)	IOI-HA
Ho et al (2013b)	80	First-time users: 77.5%	Sound field	Prospective (3-month outcome)	IOI-HA (53.8%) HA-Use (73.8%)
Schwartz and Cox (2012)	50	All experienced users; at least 6 months experience	Sound field	Cross-sectional	Various measures (70% to 88%)
Olsen et al (2012)	63	All experienced users; mean experience = 11 years	Monaural earphone	Cross-sectional	IOI-HA HA-Use (91%)
Walravens et al (2014)	96	All hearing aid owners; < 1 year: 9.4%, 1 to 5 years: 47.9%, > 5 years: 41.7%	Binaural earphones	Cross-sectional	HA-Use (50.9%) Hearing aid daily use