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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Hematol. 2016 May;23(3):235–242. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000240

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

The major stages of cardiac development in which WSS is involved. (a) Cardiac looping coincides with the onset of the heartbeat and therefore flow. After looping, the heart chambers begin to take shape. (b) Trabeculation occurs following looping and increased the surface area of the ventricular chambers. (c) Concomitant with trabeculation is cardiac valve formation, which involves a process of EndoMT and remodeling of the tissue. (d) Conduction system formation results from hemodynamically-driven differentiation of CMs. AVC, atrioventricular canal; CCS, cardiac conduction system; CJ, cardiac jelly; CM, cardiomyocyte; EC, endothelial cell; EndoMT, endothelial to mesenchymal transition; LV, left ventricle; OFT, outflow tract; RV, right ventricle; WSS, wall shear stress.