. 2015 Oct 6;19(8):1405–1416. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015002888

Table 1.

Socio-economic characteristics of the BHCK adult study sample by household food security status (n 298)

	Food security status
		Food insecure
	Food secure (n 174)	Without hunger (n 87)	With hunger (n 37)
Individual characteristics
Age (years), mean^*	39·2	38·8	37·7
sd	9·8	9·0	10·2
Female (%)^†	83·9	88·5	89·2
Education >12 years (%)^‡	83·8	72·4	75·7
Marital status (%)^‡
Never married	58·8	63·2	54·1
Married	25·3	19·5	18·9
Separated and divorced	12·9	12·6	27·0
Employment status (%)^‡
Employed (full-time or part-time)	56·3^a	53·3^a	35·1^b
Seasonal and student	10·9^a	3·5^b	16·2^a
Unemployed/looking for work	6·3^a	17·4^b,c	21·6 ^c
Participation in food assistance programmes in the past 12 months (%)
SNAP^†	73·6	78·2	81·1
WIC^†	25·9	16·1	21·6
Free or reduced-cost school breakfast^‡	86·8	89·7	86·5
Free or reduced-cost school lunch^‡	87·4	92·0	89·2
Head Start or day-care assistance^‡	12·1	10·3	8·1
Household characteristics
Housing arrangement (%)^‡
Own property	21·3	12·6	10·8
Rent	69·0	75·9	73·0
Live with family who own/rent the property	8·0	8·0	8·1
Transitional housing, shelter or group house	1·7	3·4	8·1
Number of people living in the household, mean^*	4·5^a	5·1^b	4·2^a,c
sd	1·5	1·9	1·6
Number of children under 18 years of age, mean^*	2·6 ^a	3·2 ^b	2·4^a,c
sd	1·4	1·6	1·5
Annual household income less than $US 20 000 (%)^†	44·2^a	54·8^a,b	62·9^b
Income-to-poverty ratio^§ <1·00^†	57·1	67·5	60·0

BHCK, B’More Healthy Communities for Kids; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

^a,b,c

Values within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P<0·05).

One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test to compare the groups.

^†

Pearson χ ² test to compare the groups (two-sided).

^‡

Fisher’s exact test to compare the groups (two-sided).

^§

From US Census Bureau⁽ ⁴⁰ ⁾.