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Initial 3-month treatment response was defined by 3-month FEV1 change after combined treatment with long-acting β2 agonist and ICS.
The patients in the 33th percentile or less, the 34th to 66th percentile, and the 67th percentile or greater were categorized as having mild, moderate, and severe emphysema group, respectively.
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids.
