Influence of the healthy lifestyle behaviors on the incidence of CKD. The data are expressed as the hazard ratio [95 % confidence interval (CI)]. Open circle univariate model. Filled circle multivariate model: adjusting for age, BMI, smoking habit, drinking habit, the eGFR and HbA1c levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at baseline. In this analysis, each healthy lifestyle behavior was a dependent variable and the incidence of CKD was an independent variable