Table 2.
Early life and childhood household factors and achalasia risk n (%)
| Early life risk factors | Achalasia cases | Controls | Unadjusted | Adjusted2 |
| n = 151 | n = 117 | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Number of rooms | ||||
| < 6 | 71 (47.0) | 54 (46.2) | 1 | 1 |
| ≥ 6 | 80 (53.0) | 63 (53.8) | 0.97 (0.60-1.57) | 0.96 (0.59-1.57) |
| Number of bedrooms | ||||
| < 3 | 35 (23.2) | 29 (24.8) | 1 | 1 |
| ≥ 3 | 116 (76.8) | 88 (75.2) | 1.09 (0.62-1.92) | 1.09 (0.61-1.96) |
| Household density | ||||
| < 2 | 55 (36.4) | 44 (37.6) | 1 | 1 |
| ≥ 2 | 96 (63.6) | 73 (62.4) | 1.05 (0.64-1.73) | 1.05 (0.64-1.73) |
| Toilet location | ||||
| Indoors | 85 (56.3) | 73 (62.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Outdoor | 66 (43.7) | 43 (37.1) | 1.32 (0.80-2.16) | 1.55 (0.85-2.82) |
| Presence of smokers | ||||
| No | 38 (25.2) | 26 (22.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 113 (74.8) | 91 (77.8) | 0.85 (0.48-1.50) | 0.85 (0.48-1.52) |
| Presence of any pets in the house1 | ||||
| No | 36 (23.8) | 31 (26.5) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 115 (76.2) | 86 (73.5) | 1.15 (0.66-2.31) | 1.17 (0.67-2.04) |
| Occupation of head of household | ||||
| High | 15 (9.9) | 18 (15.4) | 1 | 1 |
| Medium | 56 (37.1) | 40 (34.2) | 1.68 (0.76-3.73) | 1.70 (0.77-3.79) |
| Low | 78 (51.7) | 57 (48.7) | 1.64 (0.76-3.53) | 1.69 (0.78-3.67) |
| Unclassified | 2 (1.3) | 2 (1.7) | 1.20 (0.15-9.57) | 1.25 (0.15-10.23) |
| Breastfed | ||||
| No | 63 (41.7) | 48 (41.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 61 (40.4) | 51 (43.6) | 0.91 (0.54-1.55) | 0.89 (0.49-1.59) |
| Unknown | 27 (17.9) | 18 (15.4) | 1.14 (0.56-2.31) | 1.12 (0.54-2.31) |
1
Compared with no pets present in the childhood house;
2
Adjusted logistic regression model includes age (at interview) and sex.