Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author (year) [reference] | Study design | Number of patients | Patients | Detection method | CASP score (mean) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domeij (2013) [10] | RCT | 24 | DVT 2 and 6 weeks following surgery for Achilles rupture—IPCD versus no prophylaxis | DVT—US | 9 |
| Felcher (2009) [16] | Retrospective cohort | 7264 | Database search for VTE within 6 months of surgery | DVT—USS PE—VQ/CTPA scan |
10 |
| Goel (2009) [21] | RCT | 238 | LMWH versus placebo following surgery for below knee fractures | DVT—venography | 10 |
| Griffiths (2012) [22] | Case control | 2654 | 75 mg aspirin versus no chemical prophylaxis | Symptomatic VTE | 9.5 |
| Hanslow (2006) [24] | Retrospective cohort | 608 | Foot and ankle surgery (high-risk patients received LMWH) | Symptomatic VTE | 8.5 |
| Healy (2010) [26] | Retrospective cohort | 208 | Achilles rupture (cast and surgery) no chemoprophylaxis | Symptomatic VTE confirmed by USS/CTPA | 10 |
| Ingvar (2005) [30] | Retrospective cohort | 196 | Achilles rupture treated conservatively | Symptomatic VTE | 8 |
| Jameson (2014) [32] | Retrospective cohort | 88,241 | Database search for VTE before and after introduction of NICE guidelines | Hospital episode statistics | 10.5 |
| Jorgensen (2002) [33] | RCT | 300 | Below knee cast immobilization—LMWH versus no prophylaxis | DVT—venography | 9 |
| Kock (1995) [36] | RCT | 339 | Below knee cast immobilization—LMWH versus no prophylaxis | DVT—USS confirmed with venography | 10.5 |
| Kujath (1993) [37] | RCT | 253 | Below knee cast immobilization—LMWH versus no prophylaxis | DVT—USS PE—VQ |
12 |
| Lapidus (2013) [40] | Prospective cohort | 5894 | No routine prophylaxis for foot and ankle surgery except LMWH for ankle fractures | DVT—USS PE—VQ/CTPA scan |
11 |
| Lapidus (2007) [38] | RCT | 272 | Ankle fractures—LMWH until cast removal versus no prophylaxis | DVT—venography | 10.5 |
| Lassen (2002) [41] | RCT | 440 | Ankle fractures—LMWH until cast removal versus no prophylaxis | DVT—USS PE—VQ/CTPA scan |
10.5 |
| Nilsson-Helander (2009) [54] | RCT | 95 | Surgery versus no surgery for Achilles rupture—no routine prophylaxis | DVT—USS PE—VQ/CTPA scan |
9 |
| Patil (2007) [56] | Prospective cohort | 100 | Below knee cast immobilization for ankle fractures—no routine prophylaxis | DVT—USS | 10.5 |
| Pelet (2012) [57] | Retrospective cohort | 1540 | Surgery for ankle fracture—no routine prophylaxis (141 low dose aspirin; 253 LMWH) | Symptomatic VTE confirmed by USS/VQ/CTPA scan | 11 |
| Riou (2007) [62] | Prospective cohort | 2757 | Below knee cast immobilization—chemoprophylaxis versus no prophylaxis | DVT—USS | 10.5 |
| Shibuya (2012) [66] | Retrospective cohort | 75,664 | Database search for foot and ankle trauma | Symptomatic VTE | 10.5 |
| Saragas (2011) [64] | Retrospective cohort | 88 | Surgical repair Achilles rupture—no prophylaxis | Symptomatic VTE confirmed by USS | 8.5 |
| Solis (2002) [67] | Prospective cohort | 201 | No routine prophylaxis for foot and ankle surgery | DVT—USS | 9 |
| Soohoo (2011) [69] | Retrospective cohort | 57,183 | Database search for ankle fractures undergoing surgery | Readmission for VTE | 9 |
RCT randomized controlled trial, IPCD intermittent pneumatic compression device, VQ/CTPA scan ventilation-perfusion/computerized tomographic pulmonary angiography scan