Table 1.
Characteristics of patients in full cohort of patients with cardiac arrest in hospital according to timing of administration of epinephrine. Figures are numbers (percentage) of patients unless specified otherwise
| All patients (n=2974) | Epinephrine ≤2 min (n=1510) | No epinephrine ≤ 2 min (n=1464) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) age (years) | 65 (54-75) | 65 (54-76) | 64 (53-75) | 0.1 |
| Women | 1041 (35) | 532 (35) | 509 (35) | 0.8 |
| Race: | ||||
| White | 2285 (77) | 1133 (75) | 1152 (79) | 0.08 |
| Black | 397 (13) | 221 (15) | 176 (12) | |
| Other | 104 (4) | 59 (4) | 45 (3) | |
| Unknown | 188 (6) | 97 (6) | 91 (6) | |
| Type of admission: | ||||
| Medical-non-cardiac | 686 (23) | 390 (26) | 296 (20) | <0.001 |
| Medical-cardiac | 1584 (53) | 736 (49) | 848 (58) | |
| Surgical-non-cardiac* | 295 (10) | 184 (12) | 111 (8) | |
| Surgical-cardiac | 409 (14) | 200 (13) | 209 (14) | |
| Pre-existing conditions: | ||||
| Cardiac: | ||||
| History of myocardial infarction | 670 (23) | 321 (21) | 349 (24) | 0.09 |
| Myocardial infarction this admission | 979 (33) | 431 (29) | 548 (37) | <0.001 |
| History of heart failure | 614 (21) | 338 (22) | 276 (19) | 0.02 |
| Heart failure this admission | 505 (17) | 276 (18) | 229 (16) | 0.06 |
| Non-cardiac: | ||||
| Respiratory insufficiency | 1013 (34) | 554 (37) | 459 (31) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 848 (29) | 441 (29) | 407 (28) | 0.4 |
| Renal insufficiency | 742 (25) | 431 (29) | 311 (21) | <0.001 |
| Metastatic/hematologic malignancy | 242 (8) | 129 (9) | 113 (8) | 0.4 |
| Hypotension/hypoperfusion | 708 (24) | 397 (26) | 311 (21) | 0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 218 (7) | 121 (8) | 97 (7) | 0.2 |
| Baseline depression in CNS function | 242 (8) | 133 (9) | 109 (7) | 0.2 |
| Metabolic/electrolyte abnormality | 360 (12) | 205 (14) | 155 (11) | 0.01 |
| Septicemia | 311 (10) | 187 (12) | 124 (8) | <0.001 |
| Acute CNS non-stroke event | 148 (5) | 81 (5) | 67 (5) | 0.3 |
| Hepatic insufficiency | 172 (6) | 97 (6) | 75 (5) | 0.1 |
| Acute stroke | 96 (3) | 61 (4) | 35 (2) | 0.01 |
| Major trauma | 72 (2) | 54 (4) | 18 (1) | <0.001 |
IQR=interquartile range, CNS=central nervous system.
*Includes patients with admission type of “obstetric” (n=2) or “trauma” (n=60)