Table 2. Elixhauser comorbidities: prevalence and relationship to in-hospital mortality rate for patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

Comorbidity	Prevalence (%)	Adjusted odds ratio (aOR)	95 % CI
			Lower	Upper
Congestive heart failure	8.1	1.67	1.48	1.95
Cardiac arrhythmias	4.3	0.87	0.58	1.32
Valvular disease	0.4	0.43	0.06	3.11
Hypertension	6.0	0.12	0.05	0.32
Pulmonary circulation disorders	0.2	1.06	0.26	4.31
Peripheral vascular disorders	0.2	1.02	0.66	1.23
Paralysis	0.4	1.12	0.59	2.33
Other neurological disorders	2.0	1.99	1.24	3.18
Chronic pulmonary disease	3.4	1.333	0.82	1.61
Diabetes mellitus, uncomplicated	2.7	0.72	0.51	1.51
Diabetes mellitus, complicated	0.7	1.33	0.88	4.25
Hypothyroidism	0.9	1.83	0.92	1.94
Renal failure	18.1	1.99	1.70	2.33
Liver disease	2.9	2.64	1.83	3.80
Peptic ulcer disease (with no bleeding)	0.04	1.01	0.12	1.11
AIDS	0.02	0.76	0.11	5.45
Lymphoma	0.02	1.01	0.01	1.22
Metastatic cancer	1.6	1.63	0.36	1.12
Solid tumor without metastasis	0.2	1.04	0.20	1.44
Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases	0.9	0.49	0.12	1.98
Coagulopathy	0.4	1.06	0.33	1.55
Obesity	0.2	1.33	0.71	1.56
Weight loss	18.4	2.66	2.27	3.12
Fluid and electrolyte disorders	5.8	0.99	0.69	1.42
Blood loss-related anemia	6.3	1.79	0.91	1.98
Iron deficiency-related anemia	7.2	1.44	0.98	2.13
Alcohol abuse	2.9	1.20	0.57	2.54
Drug abuse	1.8	2.07	0.48	8.867
Psychoses	2.9	1.19	0.10	1.71
Clinical depression	0.7	1.01	0.08	1.22

Models were adjusted for age, sex, and race, and primary health insurer, type of admission, comorbidities, and use of endoscopic therapy