Table 3. Multivariate associations of comorbidities with length of hospital stay in patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

Comorbidity	Hazard ratioa	95 % CI		P value
		Lower	Upper
Congestive heart failure	1.68	1.48	1.96	0.03
Cardiac arrhythmias	1.04	0.69	1.56	0.86
Valvular disease	0.68	0.10	4.82	0.70
Hypertension	0.18	0.07	0.48	0.001
Pulmonary circulation disorders	1.31	0.33	5.26	0.70
Peripheral vascular disorders	1.02	0.11	1.60	0.95
Paralysis	1.01	0.12	1.51	0.92
Other neurological disorders	1.24	0.78	1.96	0.34
Chronic pulmonary disease	0.58	0.32	1.06	0.08
Diabetes mellitus, uncomplicated	0.11	0.02	1.77	0.26
Diabetes mellitus, complicated	1.08	0.03	2.06	0.90
Hypothyroidism	0.18	0.03	1.29	0.09
Renal failure	1.55	1.33	1.81	<0.0001
Liver disease	2.16	1.51	3.08	<0.0001
Peptic ulcer disease (with no bleeding)	1.00	0.09	1.08	0.99
AIDS	0.63	0.09	4.50	0.65
Lymphoma	1.14	0.05	1.82	0.99
Metastatic cancer	0.95	0.54	1.66	0.85
Solid tumor without metastasis	1.02	0.01	1.06	.96
Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases	0.67	0.17	2.69	0.57
Coagulopathy	1.03	0.01	6.42	0.923
Obesity	1.05	0.03	7.91	0.95
Weight loss	1.86	1.59	2.17	<0.0001
Fluid and electrolyte disorders	1.13	0.79	1.61	0.52
Blood loss-related anemia	1.11	0.01	2.22	0.90
Iron deficiency-related anemia	1.03	0.22	8.79	0.89
Alcohol abuse	1.56	0.75	3.27	0.24
Drug abuse	1.80	0.44	7.38	0.41
Psychoses	1.23	1.07	1.81	0.02
Clinical depression	1.00	0.06	1.21	0.91

^aCox proportional hazards regression: forward selection with inclusion and selection criteria of p<0.2. Length of hospital stay analyzed as a time-varying covariate

Models were adjusted for age, sex, and race, and primary health insurer, type of admission, comorbidities, and use of endoscopic therapy