Table 1. Demographic and clinical data for patient and control groups.
| Group; mean ± SD or no. (%)* | Comparison; P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| characteristic | Patients (n = 23) | Controls (n = 27) | Patients v.controls |
| Age (years) | 34.3 ± 12.0 | 32.3 ± 8.64 | 0.497 |
| Education time (years) | 12.6 ± 3.22 | 13.9 ± 2.50 | 0.110 |
| Gender (female) | 11(48) | 14(52) | 0.777 |
| Handeness (right) | 23(100) | 27(100) | |
| Age at onset (years) | 23.8 ± 8.30 | ||
| Days of hospital stay | 14(17)† | ||
| Duration of illness (years) | 10.5 ± 9.05 | ||
| Current symptomatoloty | |||
| CGI-S | 5.13 ± 1.25 | ||
| Depression (HAMD) | 6.2 ± 8.61 | ||
| Mania (YMRS) | 18.2 ± 10.53 | ||
| Medication | |||
| valproate | 15(65) | ||
| antidepressants | 5(22) | ||
| antipsychotics | 22(96) | ||
| lithium | 3(13) | ||
| Psychotic bipolar patients (n = 9) | Non-psychotic bipolar patients (n = 14) | Psychotic patients vs. non-psychotic patients | |
| Age (years) | 37.7 ± 11.0 | 32.1 ± 12.5 | 0.285 |
| Gender (male/female) | 3/6 | 9/5 | 0.214 |
| Education time (years) | 12.2 ± 2.9 | 12.9 ± 3.5 | 0.655 |
| Days of hospital stay | 19.6 ± 12.0 | 20.9 ± 22.1 | 0.866 |
| Illness duration (years) | 9.44 ± 4.16 | 4.50(16.75)† | 0.776 |
| CGI-S | 5.11 ± 1.05 | 5.14 ± 1.41 | 0.954 |
| HAMD | 3.93 ± 3.55 | 2.50(16)† | 0.949 |
| YMRS | 20.96 ± 9.35 | 16.37 ± 11.18 | 0.319 |
| Medication dosage | |||
| valproate | 500(500)† | 500(500)† | 0.572 |
| antipsychotics | 250(175) | 423.89 ± 293.65 | 0.227 |
*Unless indicated otherwise.
†Median (interquartile range) and significance was determined with the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test.