Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features of the study population
| Total | Clinical outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival | Decease | p-value | ||
| Age | 71.0 ± 7.2 | 71.4 ± 7.1 | 70.0 ± 7.4 | 0.456 |
| 50–59 | 5 (8.2 %) | 1 (4.8 %) | ||
| 60–69 | 14 (23.0 %) | 10 (47.6 %) | ||
| 70–79 | 39 (63.9 %) | 8 (38.1 %) | ||
| Over 80 | 3 (4.9 %) | 2 (9.5 %) | 0.119 | |
| Smoking history | ||||
| Pack-yearsa | 18.0 ± 18.1 | 15.9 ± 16.9 | 24.2 ± 20.3 | 0.068 |
| Never smoker | 14 (23.0 %) | 2 (9.5 %) | ||
| Previous smoker | 44 (72.1 %) | 18 (85.7 %) | ||
| Current smoker | 3 (4.9 %) | 1 (4.8 %) | 0.401 | |
| Pneumoconiosis characteristicsb | ||||
| Profusion of small opacity | ||||
| 1 | 15 (24.6 %) | 2 (9.5 %) | ||
| 2 | 37 (60.7 %) | 13 (62.0 %) | ||
| 3 | 9 (14.8 %) | 6 (28.6 %) | 0.188 | |
| Grade of large opacity | ||||
| No | 17 (27.9 %) | 3 (14.3 %) | ||
| A | 8 (13.1 %) | 4 (19.0 %) | ||
| B | 22 (36.1 %) | 10 (47.6 %) | ||
| C | 14 (23.0 %) | 4 (19.0 %) | 0.532 | |
| Pulmonary function profiles | ||||
| FEV1 % predicted | 50.9 ± 20.6 | 53.6 ± 22.1 | 43.1 ± 13.4 | 0.012 |
| 70 ≤ | 13 (21.3 %) | 1 (4.8 %) | ||
| < 70 | 48 (78.7 %) | 20 (95.2 %) | 0.102 | |
| FVC % predicted | 63.4 ± 17.7 | 66.9 ± 18.1 | 53.4 ± 11.9 | <0.001 |
| 70 ≤ | 25 (40.9 %) | 2 (9.5 %) | ||
| < 70 | 36 (59.0 %) | 19 (90.5 %) | 0.008 | |
| FEV1/FVC ratio | 58.3 ± 18.4 | 57.8 ± 18.0 | 59.9 ± 19.9 | 0.648 |
| 70 ≤ | 19 (31.1 %) | 8 (38.1 %) | ||
| < 70 | 42 (68.9 %) | 13 (61.9 %) | 0.559 | |
| Type of pneumoconiosis | ||||
| silicosis | 14 (22.9 %) | 3 (14.3 %) | ||
| CWPc | 47 (77.1 %) | 18 (85.7 %) | 0.839 | |
| Recent pneumoniad | ||||
| No | 46 (75.4 %) | 9 (42.9 %) | ||
| Yes | 15 (24.6 %) | 12 (57.1 %) | 0.006 | |
| Interstitial fibrosise | ||||
| No | 54 (88.5 %) | 13 (61.9%) | ||
| Yes | 7 (11.5 %) | 8 (38.1 %) | 0.007 | |
| Fungal ballf | ||||
| No | 59 (96.7 %) | 18 (85.7 %) | ||
| Yes | 2 (3.3 %) | 3 (14.3 %) | 0.103 | |
| Hospitalized days | 14.8 ± 13.5 | 13.0 ± 13.4 | 19.9 ± 13.0 | 0.044 |
| Total | 82 (100 %) | 61 (74.4 %) | 21 (25.6 %) | |
Mean values are shown in bold type with standard deviation following ± mark. Categorical values are presented with number of the case followed by percentage in brackets
aPack-years: Pack-years of never smokers were counted as 0
bPneumoconiosis characteristics: Radiographic findings assessed in accordance with ILO classification
cCWP : Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
dRecent pneumonia: History of recent hospitalization due to pneumonia within 90 days from the last day of hospitalization with pneumonia
eInterstitial fibrosis: Presence of interstitial fibrosis confirmed by findings of chest CT including ILD, IPF, non-specific interstitial fibrosis or fibrotic type pneumoconiosis
fFungal ball: Concomitancy of fungal ball infection confirmed by sputum culture and chest CT