Table 2.
Isometric and dynamic force, peak power, quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles volume and cross sectional area (CSA) in the training group (TG) and the control group (CG) before (PRE) and after (POST) the 12-week eccentric-overload flywheel resistance exercise intervention
| More-affected leg | Less-affected leg | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRE | POST | Δ % | 95 % CI | PRE | POST | Δ % | 95 % CI | ||
| Maximal isometric force (N) | |||||||||
| TG c,d | 714.3 (314.4) | 856.1 (386.2) # | 19.8 | 58.03 to 225.47 | 1128.4 (355.8) * | 1148.5 (364.0) * | 1.8 | -108.05 to 148.23 | |
| CG d | 653.4 (327.7) | 626.0 (269.7) | -4.2 | -108.70 to 53.89 | 989.1 (363.4) * | 983.9 (315.5) * | -0.5 | -104.60 to 94.11 | |
| Maximal dynamic force (N) a | |||||||||
| TG c | 481.8 (166.3) | 548.5 (190.4) | 13.8 | -1.23 to 134.63 | 520.5 (192.2) | 570.3 (176.2) | 9.6 | -10.74 to 110.45 | |
| CG d | 454.9 (146.9) | 431.2 (133.0) | -5.2 | -64.07 to 16.71 | 538.6 (203.3) | 545.1 (194.0) | 1.2 | -37.73 to 50.58 | |
| Peak power (W) a | |||||||||
| TG c,d | 89.4 (66.4) | 132.5 (87.6) # | 48.2 | 23.25 to 62.92 | 161.3 (101.7) * | 206.7 (117.6) #* | 28.1 | 15.89 to 74.91 | |
| CG b,c,d | 92.7 (50.4) | 98.1 (55.2) | 5.9 | -4.48 to 15.37 | 150.3 (66.8) * | 169.6 (66.3) #* | 12.9 | 6.14 to 32.51 | |
| QF muscle volume (cm3) a | |||||||||
| TG b,c,d | 665.4 (260.0) | 727.9 (283.6) # | 9.4 | 37.68 to 87.44 | 806.3 (263.8) * | 810.1 (260.8) * | 0.5 | -25.53 to 33.12 | |
| CG d | 755.6 (258.9) | 757.8 (256.9) | 0.3 | -26.37 to 30.77 | 861.4 (285.1) * | 859.0 (275.3) * | -0.3 | -28.47 to 23.59 | |
| RF muscle volume (cm3) | |||||||||
| TG d | 70.0 (35.4) | 70.1 (32.7) | 0.1 | -5.13 to 5.33 | 78.6 (34.7) | 79.9 (33.8) | 1.7 | -3.04 to 5.69 | |
| CG | 67.9 (29.5) | 70.3 (30.4) | 3.5 | 0.17 to 4.58 | 70.6 (29.3) | 72.5 (30.1) | 2.7 | -1.54 to 5.33 | |
| VL muscle volume (cm3) a | |||||||||
| TG b,c,d | 230.4 (90.2) | 253.5 (96.9) # | 10.0 | 13.71 to 32.54 | 275.3 (85.3) * | 275.6 (84.3) | 0.1 | -13.16 to 13.91 | |
| CG d | 263.9 (93.4) | 262.7 (89.6) | -0.5 | -14.36 to 11.88 | 311.2 (118.5) * | 308.1 (108.8) * | -1.0 | -14.80 to 8.67 | |
| VI muscle volume (cm3) | |||||||||
| TG b,c,d | 193.2 (79.7) | 213.2 (93.6) # | 10.3 | 7.66 to 32.33 | 240.1 (81.4) * | 239.4 (86.8) * | -0.3 | -9.84 to 8.53 | |
| CG d | 226.7 (90.3) | 234.1 (93.9) | 3.3 | -2.17 to 16.98 | 255.1 (96.8) * | 254.0 (98.1) | -0.4 | -9.03 to 6.95 | |
| VM muscle volume (cm3) a | |||||||||
| TG b,c,d | 171.8 (68.8) | 191.2 (71.5) # | 11.3 | 12.30 to 26.39 | 212.4 (83.0) * | 215.2 (76.9) * | 1.3 | -5.02 to 10.53 | |
| CG b,d | 194.4 (70.5) | 187.9 (63.9) | -3.3 | -16.76 to 3.76 | 222.5 (68.3) * | 224.2 (69.6) * | 0.8 | -5.90 to 9.38 | |
| QF greatest CSA (cm2) a | |||||||||
| TG b,c,d | 53.2 (14.2) | 57.6 (14.8) # | 8.2 | 2.17 to 6.52 | 62.6 (13.1) * | 63.7 (14.2) * | 1.8 | -0.83 to 3.06 | |
| CG d | 57.5 (16.7) | 56.3 (15.9) | -2.0 | -3.00 to 0.71 | 64.8 (15.8) * | 64.6 (15.5) * | -0.3 | -1.73 to 1.34 | |
| QF mean CSA (cm2) a | |||||||||
| TG b,c,d | 48.7 (13.1) | 53.2 (14.3) # | 9.3 | 3.06 to 6.04 | 57.7 (13.1) * | 58.6 (13.3) * | 1.6 | -0.67 to 2.47 | |
| CG d | 52.6 (14.8) | 52.1 (14.3) | -1.0 | -2.04 to 1.01 | 59.4 (14.4) * | 59.2 (14.0) * | -0.3 | -1.69 to 1.37 | |
Note. 95 % CI; 95 % confidence interval for the Post-Pre difference in absolute values within a group. QF; quadriceps femoris, RF; rectus femoris, VL; vastus lateralis, VI; vastus intermedius, VM; vastus medialis. Significant main effects (P < 0.05); a interaction group x time; b interaction time x leg; c main effect of time; d main effect of leg. Significant simple effects (P < 0.05); #vs. pre value within a leg; *vs. more-affected leg for a given time point