Table 5.
Overview of studies that defined study participants with dementia based on cognitive screenings
| Publications | Method of sample determination | Information about dementia diagnosis | Screenings performed to define and describe dementia | Qualification and training of professionals involved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [108] [53]a [111] [107] |
Residents with dementia were identified using one criteria ▪ FAST ≥ 2 ▪ Exclusion criteria: documented diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders |
Existing diagnosis of dementia recorded but not used as an inclusion criteria | MMSEa, FAST, NPI, PSMS | Screening instruments: Caregivers who were familiar with the resident were interviewed from a trained external research assistant (registered nurses and students in health care study programs) |
| [52] | Residents were included using 2 criteria: ▪ Place of residence is a Dementia Special Care Unit ▪ Cognitive impairment according to DSS > 2 |
Existing diagnosis of dementia recorded but not used as an inclusion criteria | DSS, NPI, PSMS | Screening instruments were completed by nurses familiar with the resident; questionnaires were accompanied by a manual to support assessment |
| [109]b
[110] |
Residents with dementia were identified using 2 combined criteria ▪ Dementia according to DSS; and ▪ Mobile according to Rivermead Mobility Index |
Existing diagnosis of dementia recorded but not used as an inclusion criteria; no information is given on existing diagnosis | DSS, NPI, Barthel-Index | Screening instrument: registered nurses who are familiar with the resident (primary nurse) |
| [91] | Residents with dementia were identified based on the MMSE screening < 24 | No information given on existing diagnosis | MMSE, Barthel-Index | Not specified |
| [92] | Residents with dementia were identified based on the MMSE screening < 24 ▪ Dementia severity stages: MMSE ≤ 10 severe, 11-17 moderate, ≥ 18 mild |
No information given on existing diagnosis | MMSE, Barthel-Index | Not specified |
| [93] | Residents with dementia were identified based on the MMSE screening ▪ MMSE cutoff ≤ 20 |
No information given on existing diagnosis | MMSE | MMSE was performed by three psychologists. |
DSS Dementia Screening Scale, FAST Functional Assessment Staging, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, NOSGER Nurses’ Observation Scale, NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory, PANDA Parkinson Neuropsychometric Dementia Assessment, PSMS Physical Self Maintenance Scale
aMMSE values are assessed only in a subsample in the study from Dichter et al. (2013) and recalculated into FAST values
bThe publication is a short report/letter; therefore, we additionally reviewed the official study report for more information