Figure 6.
Nha1/2 dKO males are infertile and potential contraceptive role of pCR-Nha1/2 DNA vaccine. (a) Pregnancy rate is presented as a percentage. (b) Percentage motility of Nha1/2 dKO and wild-type spermatozoa after release from the caudal epididymis. (c) cAMP content of spermatozoa was measured by using RIA. (d) The protein level of sACfl (normalized and plotted against β-tubulin) in Nha1/2 dKO and wild-type spermatozoa. (e and f) The effect of the pCR-Nha1/2 DNA vaccine on pregnancy rate (e) and litter size were examined (f). (g) Spermatozoa motility treated with the vaginal fluid of pCR-Nha1/2 orally immunized mouse as compared with that of the pCR3.1 group. Data in a–g are expressed as the means±S.D., *P<0.05; **P<0.01. (h) Sperm suspensions of normal mouse were mixed with vaginal fluid of pCR-Nha1/2 or pCR3.1 immunized females. Note that agglutination in a tangled pattern was only observed in pCR-Nha1/2 group. Scale bar, 50 μm. (i) Immunolocalization of NHA1 in tissue sections of testes or sperm sample from diverse mammalian species, including rat, monkey, goat, bull, mice and human. Scale bar in a–d, 50 μm. Scale bar in e and f, 10 μm