Table 1.
Summary of studies included in the review
| Study (first author, date) | Study location | Study site | Sample size (N) | Age (Years) | Study design | Incentive | Sex-related Outcome | Drug-related Outcome | Summary of findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang et al., 2014 | China | Community-based | 2530 | 31.0 | Cross-sectional | No | Yes | Yes | MMT-only & combination of MMT and VCT associated with needle sharing and unprotected sexual behaviors |
| Wang et al., 2014 | China | Clinics, Hospitals | 2662 | 36.9 | Randomized Controlled Trial | Yes | No | Yes | MMT supplemented with CP or CM reduce heroin use and related risk behaviors |
| Chen et al., 2013 | China | Clinic-based | 5305 | 38.7 | Longitudinal | No | Yes | Yes | Positive effects of MMT on HIV prevention |
| Alavian et al., 2013 | Iran | Clinic-based | 259 | 33.0 | Longitudinal | No | Yes | Yes | MMT shown to prevent transmission of STDs |
| Pettes et al., 2010 | Canada | NR | 353 | NR | Longitudinal | No | No | Yes | MMT use associated with a reduced likelihood of drug use related risk behavior |
| Corsi et al., 2009 | USA | Community-based | 160 | 39.0 | Cross-sectional | No | Yes | Yes | Retaining IDUs in MMT is needed in order to maximize the successful treatment |
| Qian et al., 2007 | China | Clinics | 557 | NR | Cross-sectional | Yes | Yes | Yes | MMT participants less likely to use or inject drugs & share needles & less likely to have multiple sexual partners or have unprotected sex |
| Willner-Reid et al., 2008 | USA | Clinic-based | 659 | 38.0 | Longitudinal | Yes | Yes | Yes | both drug- and sex-related risk behaviors decrease during MMT |
| Pang et al., 2007 | China | Clinic-based | 1662 | 32.9 | Cross-sectional | No | Yes | Yes | MMT contributed to a reduction in drug use, drug injecting behaviors |
| Millson et al., 2007 | Canada | NR | 183 | NR | Longitudinal | Yes | No | Yes | Low-threshold MMT programs can reduce the risk of HIV |
| Palepu et al., 2006 | Canada | NR | 278 | NR | Longitudinal | Yes | No | Yes | Among HIV/HCV co-infected IDUs on HAART, enrollment in MMT associated with reduced heroin use |
| Kerr et al., 2005 | Canada | NR | 1587 | 33.4 | Longitudinal | Yes | Yes | No | MMT associated with reductions in heroin use and HIV risk behavior |
Note: NR: Not reported | CP: Counseling psychology | CM: Contingency Management