. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 7.

Published in final edited form as: J Proteome Res. 2012 Nov 30;12(1):481–490. doi: 10.1021/pr3009176

Table 3.

Metabolites that Differentiate the Three Stages of Rabies Disease: Early, Mid, and Late Stage Rabies^a

	early stage (µM)		mid/survivor (µM)		late stage (µM)

	n = 9		n = 10		n = 15

metabolite	mean	SD	mean	SD	mean	SD	P value
			Energy metabolism
Lactate	^{a b} 2123.60	540.93	^{a c}3358.46	674.4	^{b c} 6776.70	3505.78	<0.001
Pyruvate	73.37	43.98	^a 43.60	37.3	^a 132.45	63.04	0.025
Creatine	^a 41.43	7.2	^b 54.50	26.29	^{a b} 99.97	46.76	0.001
			Ketosis
3-Hydroxybutyrate	^{a b} 244.54	305.41	^a 10.75	8.73	^b 10.11	3.48	<0.001
Acetoacetate	^{a b} 135.28	167.67	^a 4.73	2.91	6.49	3.25	<0.001
Acetone	^{a b} 156.83	173.97	^a 31.94	79.52	^b 9.65	9.93	<0.001
			Cell volume/TCA cycle
Malate	^a 9.14	3.39	19.56	16.39	^a 21.35	13.14	0.052
Succinate	^{a b} 0.76	0.59	^a 5.68	8.46	^b 4.94	6.35	0.029
2-Oxoglutarate	^a 2.34	1.39	9.42	12.89	^a 24.92	27.01	0.012
Glutamate	^a 7.22	3.17	10.34	5.29	^a 14.09	7.19	0.032
			Excitotoxic
Glycine	^a 16.89	18.37	16.48	18.05	^a 39.33	41.18	0.08
Quinolinate	^a 3.10	2.5	17.05	15.49	^a 21.10	13.13	<0.001
			Protein catabolism
Lysine	^a 20.65	7.16	27.94	15.71	^a 43.78	23.02	0.024
Methionine	^a 4.43	1.6	5.99	2.54	^a 6.74	2.44	0.083
Phenylalanine	^a 12.93	3.16	17.78	10.93	^a 23.06	10.45	0.044
Proline	^a 9.06	3.66	10.77	6.9	^a 21.20	10.77	0.012
Tyrosine	^a 11.47	2.71	^b 17.57	8.26	^{a b} 26.71	11.49	0.003
Alanine	^{a b} 24.29	7.21	^a 47.40	18.16	^b 74.74	40.86	<0.001
Arginine	^a 33.49	8.89	37.81	10.81	^a 49.76	14.60	0.044
			Urea Cycle
Ornithine	^a 6.68	7.58	9.31	3.83	^a 18.03	17.16	0.007
Urea	^a 3374.30	2025.69	3784.26	2143.44	^a 8028.64	6208.90	0.054
			Lipid turnover
Choline	^a 2.38	1.63	3.92	1.81	^a 7.64	5.1	0.005
Ethanolamine	^a 15.05	10.64	25.68	14.46	^a 29.36	13.45	0.043
			Other
2-Hydroxybutyrate	^a 85.57	29.67	^a 49.77	15.94	74.05	38.89	0.063
Ascorbate	30.81	23.88	^a 16.01	14.5	^a 49.09	41.65	0.025
Fructose	^{a b} 108.05	64.68	^a 55.96	25.53	^b 59.00	24.94	0.045
Isopropanol	^a 9.39	7.57	^{a b} 2.27	1.96	^b 16.77	19.65	0.003

Metabolite concentrations were quantified from NMR spectra of CSF samples. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). The highest mean concentration for each metabolite across stages of disease is highlighted in boldface, the lowest concentration is underlined. P values are based on independent samples t-tests, adjusted for multiple testing using the FDR correction. Superscript letters identify stages with significantly different (p < 0.05) metabolite concentrations.