Table 1.
Study population characteristics, stratified by population density* (Nueva Santa Rosa, Guatemala)
| Characteristics | VICo cases, 2007–2013 | NSR cross-sectional survey, 2010 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low density % | High density % | Total % | Low density % | High density % | Total % | |
| Individual characteristics | ||||||
| Age, years (median [IQR]) | 2 (1–8) | 2 (1–9) | 2 (1–9) | 21 (11–44) | 19 (8–35) | 20 (10–41) |
| Female | 44 | 46 | 45 | 47 | 44 | 46 |
| Distance to health facility | ||||||
| Distance traveled, kilometer (median [IQR]) | 2.9 (1.2–4.6) | 0.3 (0.1–2.1) | 0.6 (0.3–4.3) | NA | ||
| Distance to health facility, % < 1 km | 33 | 92 | 70 | |||
| Household head, patient/guardian† education | ||||||
| Did not complete primary | 73 | 66 | 69 | 70 | 67 | 69 |
| Completed primary | 15 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 18 |
| Completed secondary or more | 12 | 18 | 16 | 11 | 18 | 13 |
| Household environment | ||||||
| Persons per sleeping room (median [IQR]) | NA | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) | 2.5 (1.7–3.3) | 2.3 (1.5–3.0) | ||
| Soil floor | 42 | 37 | 39 | 33 | 32 | 33 |
| Electricity | 84 | 87 | 86 | 93 | 91 | 92 |
| Cooks with biofuel | 73 | 57 | 63 | 71 | 56 | 67 |
| Handwashing, water and soap present | NA | 66 | 82 | 71 | ||
| Primary drinking water source | ||||||
| Private tap | 54 | 37 | 43 | 39 | 21 | 34 |
| Public tap | 34 | 37 | 36 | 20 | 35 | 24 |
| Bottled water | 10 | 25 | 19 | 24 | 35 | 27 |
| Other | 2 | 1 | 2 | 17 | 9 | 15 |
| Wealth index quartile | ||||||
| Quartile 1 (poorest) | 24 | 26 | 25 | 27 | 28 | 27 |
| Quartile 2 | 32 | 29 | 30 | 24 | 23 | 24 |
| Quartile 3 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 27 | 19 | 25 |
| Quartile 4 (richest) | 23 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 30 | 25 |
| Sanitation conditions | ||||||
| JMP-defined improved sanitation | NA | 75 | 77 | 75 | ||
| Toilet on premises, not shared with public | 81 | 81 | 81 | |||
| Toilet cleaned in past 4 weeks | 85 | 93 | 87 | |||
| Child's last stool disposed in toilet | 70 | 60 | 67 | |||
| Poor sanitation‡ | NA | 54 | 61 | 56 | ||
IQR = interquartile range; JMP = Joint Monitoring Program; NA = not applicable; NSR = Nueva Santa Rosa; VICo = Vigilancia Integrada Comunitaria.
In VICo surveillance, high-density areas were defined as populated places in the top 25% of population density for the NSR municipality. In the NSR cross-sectional study, households in locations > 5,348 persons/km2 were classified as high density.
In VICo surveillance, information on education level is obtained from the patient/guardian. In NSR cross-sectional study, information was obtained from the head of household.
Households were classified as having poor sanitation if they did not have all of the four sanitation characteristics listed in the table.