Table 7. Intervention Studies.
| Construct | Comparison | Mean effect size (d) [95% CI] | Number of studies [N family-risk (N control)] | I2 | Tau2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Note. CI = confidence interval. | |||||
| * p < 0.05. | |||||
| Vocabulary knowledge | At risk controls | 0 [−.28, .28] | 2 [93, (100)] | 0 | 0 |
| Letter knowledge | At risk controls | .53 [.19, .87]* | 5 [232, (194)] | 62.41% | .09 |
| Not at risk controls | .29 [−.31, .89] | 3 [135, (122)] | 80.70% | .22 | |
| Phonological awareness | At risk controls | .55 [.26, .85]* | 5 [228, (190)] | 57.08 | .08 |
| Not at risk controls | .01 [−.26, .28] | 3 [135, (122)] | 14.45 | .01 | |
| Rapid naming | At risk controls | .09 [−.44, .24] | 3 [96, (100)] | 30.84% | .03 |
| Not at risk controls | .03 [−.37, .33] | 2 [66, (67)] | 0 | 0 | |
| Word recognition | At risk controls | .52 [.55, 1.57]* | 2 [93, (100)] | 90.01 | .54 |