(A) Linear regression graph showing: depressor response—the reflexive increase in sSNA to decrease the mean arterial pressure (MAP) produced by ramp infusion of sodium nitroprusside (200μg/ml, 6ml/h, iv); and pressor response—sSNA decrease reflex response to increase MAP produced by ramp infusion of phenylephrine (100μg/ml, 6ml/h, iv) for 60s in the control and bile duction ligation (BDL) groups. n, number of rats *P < 0.05 compared to control group (Sutdent’t test). (B) Representative recording cardiovascular responses induced by ramp infusion of phenylephrine (Phe) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the control and BDL groups. Pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), sSNA expressed in volts (V) and integrated (ʃ) sSNA expressed in volts-seconds (V.s).