Table 1. Change in maternal and pregnancy characteristics in England in 2012–13 compared to 2003–04; Hospital Episode Statistics data England.
| Characteristics | 2003–04 N = 581,839 Number (%) | 2012-13N = 667,729 Number (%) | P-value for the χ2 tests for differences in proportions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Woman’s age (in Years) | |||
| <20 | 29 530 (5.1) | 26 765 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| 20–24 | 79,333 (13.6) | 104,223 (15.6) | |
| 25–29 | 105,852 (18.2) | 160,292 (24.0) | |
| 30–34 | 126,003 (21.6) | 168,864 (25.3) | |
| 35–39 | 65,701 (11.3) | 88,212 (13.2) | |
| 40–44 | 12,127 (2.1) | 20,907 (3.1) | |
| 45–49 | 495 (0.1) | 1,130 (0.2) | |
| ≥50 | 28 (0.01) | 79 (0.01) | |
| Missing | 162,770 (28.0) | 97,257 (14.6) | |
| Parity | |||
| Nulliparous | 147,326 (25.3) | 192,576 (28.8) | <0.001 |
| Multiparous | 236,006 (40.6) | 287,552 (43.1) | |
| Missing | 198,507 (34.1) | 187,601 (28.1) | |
| Place of delivery | |||
| Hospital | 346,717 (59.6) | 578,829 (86.7) | <0.001 |
| Home | 1641 (0.3) | 5636 (0.8) | |
| Others | 1256 (0.2) | 4784 (0.7) | |
| Missing | 232,225 (39.9) | 78,480 (11.8) | |
| Change in planned place of delivery | |||
| Yes | 27,473 (4.7) | 51,914 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| No | 340,903 (58.6) | 461,732 (69.1) | |
| Missing | 213,463 (36.7) | 154,083 (23.1) | |
| Mode of delivery | |||
| Spontaneous vaginal | 283,911 (48.8) | 368,464 (55.2) | <0.001 |
| Instrumental vaginal | 44,383 (7.6) | 71,338 (10.7) | |
| Elective caesarean | 38,555 (6.6) | 62,537 (9.4) | |
| Emergency caesarean | 53,289 (9.2) | 78,930 (11.8) | |
| Other procedures | 4485 (0.8) | 6788 (1.0) | |
| Missing | 157,216 (27.0) | 79,672 (11.9) | |
| Multiple pregnancy | |||
| Yes | 8459 (1.5) | 8586 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| No | 478,802 (82.3) | 592,729 (88.8) | |
| Missing | 94,578 (16.3) | 66,414 (9.9) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 342,209 (58.8) | 480,263 (71.9) | <0.001 |
| Mixed | 5137 (0.9) | 10,017 (1.5) | |
| Indian | 13,117 (2.3) | 20,556 (3.1) | |
| Pakistani | 18,911 (3.2) | 26,999 (4.0) | |
| Bangladeshi | 8027 (1.4) | 9037 (1.4) | |
| Chinese | 1879 (0.3) | 4937 (0.7) | |
| Other Asian | 5872 (1.0) | 13,927 (2.1) | |
| Black Caribbean | 7190 (1.2) | 6444 (1.0) | |
| Black African | 13,202 (2.3) | 20,309 (3.0) | |
| Other black | 5034 (0.9) | 5751 (0.9) | |
| Others | 11,781 (2.0) | 19,140 (2.9) | |
| Missing | 149,480 (25.7) | 50,349 (7.5) | |
| IMD quintiles | |||
| I (Least deprived 20%) | 98,120 (16.9) | 99,116 (14.8) | <0.001 |
| II | 97,385 (16.7) | 106,052 (15.9) | |
| III | 104,982 (18.0) | 123,007 (18.4) | |
| IV | 120,915 (20.8) | 151,019 (22.6) | |
| V (Most deprived 20%) | 157,134 (27.0) | 185,136 (27.7) | |
| Missing | 3303 (0.6) | 3399 (0.5) | |
| Place of residence | |||
| Urban | 491,743 (84.5) | 573,793 (85.9) | <0.001 |
| Town/ Fringe | 43,749 (7.5) | 46,824 (7.0) | |
| Rural | 44,092 (7.6) | 43,713 (6.6) | |
| Not in England | 67 (0.01) | 1372 (0.2) | |
| Missing | 2188 (0.4) | 2027 (0.3) |
IMD—Index of multiple deprivation