Table 1. Characteristics of matched variables, before and after propensity score matching.
| Before matching | After propensity score matching | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TIVA | Isoflurane | STD* | TIVA | Isoflurane | STD* | ||||||
| (n = 195) | (n = 720) | (n = 192) | (n = 662) | ||||||||
| No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | ||||
| Age, yr | 63.75 ± 9.43 | 63.64 ± 9.00 | 1.12 | 63.64 ± 9.43 | 63.81 ± 9.12 | 1.89 | |||||
| Sex, Male | 144 | (74) | 570 | (79) | 12.08 | 142 | (74) | 494 | (75) | 1.67 | |
| Current smoker | 34 | (17) | 128 | (18) | 0.9 | 34 | (18) | 117 | (18) | 0.09 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.05 ± 3.07 | 24.51 ± 3.00 | 15.14 | 24.09 ± 3.08 | 24.13 ± 2.88 | 1.58 | |||||
| EuroSCORE | 4.09 ± 2.66 | 4.10 ± 2.49 | 0.59 | 4.07 ± 2.66 | 4.14 ± 2.49 | 2.58 | |||||
| Comorbidities | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 131 | (67) | 481 | (67) | 0.79 | 128 | (67) | 432 | (65) | 2.91 | |
| Diabetes Mellitus or HbA1C >6.5% | 104 | (53) | 397 | (55) | 3.61 | 103 | (54) | 337 | (51) | 5.61 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 48 | (25) | 202 | (28) | 7.97 | 47 | (24) | 173 | (26) | 3.7 | |
| History of old MI | 5 | (3) | 23 | (3) | 3.98 | 5 | (3) | 16 | (2) | 1.04 | |
| Previous PCI | 33 | (17) | 117 | (16) | 1.79 | 33 | (17) | 106 | (16) | 3.07 | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 15 | (8) | 53 | (7) | 1.24 | 15 | (8) | 52 | (8) | 0.1 | |
| COPD | 1 | (1) | 3 | (0) | 1.34 | 1 | (1) | 3 | (0) | 1.21 | |
| History of stroke | 16 | (8) | 94 | (13) | 17.63 | 16 | (80 | 60 | (9) | 2.9 | |
| Chronic liver disease | 0 | (0) | 9 | (1) | 0 | 0 | (1) | 0 | (1) | 0 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 | (4) | 39 | (5) | 9.8 | 7 | (4) | 24 | (4) | 0 | |
| MI within 4 weeks or UA within 8 weeks | 93 | (48) | 365 | (51) | 6 | 92 | (48) | 324 | (49) | 1.99 | |
| Preoperative LV EF (%) | 57.45 ± 11.12 | 57.61 ± 11.46 | 1.43 | 57.55 ± 11.17 | 57.31 ± 11.49 | 2.69 | |||||
| Preoperative NT-proBNP | 657.97 ± 1671.92 | 605.85 ± 2282.27 | 8.82 | 655.71 ± 1683.88 | 651.75 ± 2290.25 | 1.6 | |||||
| Medication | |||||||||||
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor | 21 | (11) | 86 | (12) | 3.78 | 21 | (11) | 76 | (12) | 1.84 | |
| Angiotenson receptor blocker | 56 | (29) | 173 | (24) | 10.34 | 53 | (28) | 169 | (26) | 4.57 | |
| Aspirin | 128 | (66) | 488 | (68) | 4.49 | 126 | (66) | 421 | (64) | 4.19 | |
| Beta blocker | 60 | (31) | 203 | (28) | 5.56 | 57 | (30) | 197 | (30) | 0.23 | |
| Clopidogrel | 86 | (44) | 316 | (44) | 0.43 | 85 | (44) | 289 | (44) | 1.1 | |
| Diuretics | 36 | (18) | 114 | (16) | 6.76 | 33 | (17) | 109 | (64) | 2.01 | |
| Insulin | 8 | (4) | 42 | (6) | 8.7 | 8 | (4) | 26 | (4) | 1.31 | |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 56 | (29) | 220 | (31) | 4.05 | 55 | (29) | 178 | (27) | 3.88 | |
| Statin | 85 | (44) | 324 | (45) | 2.84 | 84 | (44) | 287 | (43) | 0.75 | |
| Intraoperative data | |||||||||||
| Redo operation | 0 | (0) | 8 | (1) | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | |
| Three vessel disease | 147 | (75) | 507 | (70) | 11.5 | 144 | (75) | 493 | (74) | 1.19 | |
| Left main disease | 41 | (21) | 173 | (24) | 7.35 | 41 | (21) | 147 | (22) | 2.25 | |
| Emergent operation | 36 | (18) | 130 | (18) | 1.04 | 35 | (18) | 116 | (18) | 1.7 | |
| Number of distal grafts | 4.05 ± 1.24 | 4.08 ± 1.35 | 2.59 | 4.04 ± 1.22 | 4.03 ± 1.33 | 0.83 | |||||
| Vein graft | 27 | (14) | 93 | (13) | 2.68 | 27 | (14) | 96 | (15) | 1.2 | |
| Duration of surgery, min | 346.56 ± 78.99 | 337.88 ± 71.55 | 9.68 | 345.25 ± 78.10 | 343.23 ± 72.20 | 1 | |||||
| Number of transfused packed RBCs, u | 1.80 ± 1.52 | 1.85 ± 1.63 | 3.64 | 1.79 ± 1.51 | 1.77 ± 1.54 | 1.37 | |||||
| Number of used inotropics or vasopressor | 1.74 ± 0.89 | 1.68 ± 0.88 | 6.19 | 1.73 ± 0.89 | 1.71 ± 0.89 | 2.84 | |||||
| Perioperative IABP | 1 | (1) | 4 | (1) | 0.6 | 1 | (1) | 3 | (0) | 0.97 | |
| Fatal ventricular arrhythmia | 2 | (1) | 5 | (1) | 3.28 | 2 | (1) | 4 | (1) | 4.3 | |
TIVA indicates propofol-remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia; STD, standardized difference; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; UA, unstable angina; LV EF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; RBCs, red blood cells; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump.
* Standardized difference (STD) of greater than 10 percent represented meaningful imbalance between study groups.