Table 3. Subgroup analyses for risks of postoperative complications according to the anesthetic method based on original data.
| TIVA, n (%) | Isoflurane, n (%) | OR or HR | 95% CI | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroup with high-risk (age≥70 or LV EF <45%) | 70 | 282 | |||||
| Composite of in-hospital MAEs | 21 (30) | 73 (25.9) | 1.23 | 0.69–2.18 | 0.49 | ||
| In-hospital death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| In-hospital myocardial infarction | 3 (4.3) | 19 (6.7) | 0.62 | 0.18–2.16 | 0.45 | ||
| In-hospital revascularization | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | |||||
| In-hospital stroke | 1 (1.4) | 3 (1) | 1.35 | 0.14–13.16 | 0.8 | ||
| Prolonged mechanical ventilation (>72h) | 0 (0) | 6 (2.1) | |||||
| Acute kidney injury | 3 (4.3) | 15 (5.3) | 0.8 | 0.22–2.83 | 0.73 | ||
| In-hospital new arrhythmia | 17 (24.3) | 49 (17.4) | 1.53 | 0.82–2.86 | 0.19 | ||
| One year MACCEs | 5 (7.1) | 23 (8.2) | 1.54 | 0.23–1.86 | 0.42 | ||
| Death | 1 (1.4) | 1 (0.4) | 1 | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 3 (4.3) | 17 (6) | 1.63 | 0.18–2.06 | 0.43 | ||
| Revascularization | 0 | 3 (1) | |||||
| Stroke | 1 (1.4) | 5 (1.8) | 1.01 | 0.11–8.83 | 0.99 | ||
| Other postoperative outcomes | |||||||
| Prolonged ICU stay (>72h) | 14 (20) | 38 (13.5) | 1.61 | 0.82–3.16 | 0.17 | ||
| In-hospital wound problem | 2 (2.9) | 8 (2.8) | 1.01 | 0.21–4.85 | 0.99 | ||
| Bleeding-related reoperation | 2 (2.9) | 3 (1.1) | 2.74 | 0.45–16.69 | 0.28 | ||
| Subgroup without high-risk (age<70 or LV EF ≥45%) | 125 | 438 | |||||
| Composite of in-hospital MAEs | 28 (22.4) | 80 (18.3) | 1.29 | 0.78–2.09 | 0.3 | ||
| In-hospital death | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | |||||
| In-hospital myocardial infarction | 8 (6.4) | 26 (5.9) | 1.08 | 0.48–2.46 | 0.85 | ||
| In-hospital revascularization | 1 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) | 1.76 | 0.16–19.55 | 0.65 | ||
| In-hospital stroke | 1 (0.8) | 5 (1.1) | 0.7 | 0.08–6.03 | 0.74 | ||
| Prolonged mechanical ventilation (>72h) | 2 (1.6) | 5 (1.1) | 1.41 | 0.27–7.35 | 0.68 | ||
| Acute kidney injury | 2 (1.6) | 12 (2.7) | 0.58 | 0.13–2.61 | 0.48 | ||
| In-hospital new arrhythmia | 20 (16) | 45 (10.3) | 1.66 | 0.94–2.94 | 0.08 | ||
| One year MACCEs | 10 (8) | 36 (8.2) | 0.98 | 0.49–1.98 | 0.96 | ||
| Death | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.2) | 3.54 | 0.22–56.52 | 0.37 | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 8 (6.4) | 26 (5.9) | 1.09 | 0.49–2.41 | 0.83 | ||
| Revascularization | 1 (0.8) | 6 (1.4) | 0.58 | 0.07–4.85 | 0.62 | ||
| Stroke | 1 (0.8) | 5 (1.1) | 0.7 | 0.08–6.01 | 0.75 | ||
| Other postoperative outcomes | |||||||
| Prolonged ICU stay (>72h) | 9 (7.2) | 31 (7.1) | 1.02 | 0.47–2.20 | 0.96 | ||
| In-hospital wound problem | 3 (2.4) | 8 (1.8) | 1.32 | 0.35–5.06 | 0.68 | ||
| Bleeding-related reoperation | 2 (1.6) | 7 (1.6) | 1 | 0.21–4.88 | 0.99 | ||
| Subgroup with diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia | 104 | 397 | |||||
| Composite of in-hospital MAEs | 27 (26) | 92 (23.2) | 1.16 | 0.71–1.91 | 0.55 | ||
| In-hospital death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| In-hospital myocardial infarction | 4 (3.9) | 23 (5.8) | 0.65 | 0.22–1.92 | 0.44 | ||
| In-hospital revascularization | 1 (1) | 3 (0.8) | 1.28 | 0.13–12.39 | 0.83 | ||
| In-hospital stroke | 1 (1) | 7 (1.8) | 0.54 | 0.07–4.45 | 0.57 | ||
| Prolonged mechanical ventilation (>72h) | 2 (1.9) | 7 (1.8) | 1.09 | 0.22–5.34 | 0.91 | ||
| Acute kidney injury | 3 (2.9) | 19 (4.8) | 0.59 | 0.17–2.04 | 0.4 | ||
| In-hospital new arrhythmia | 22 (21.1) | 59 (14.9) | 1.54 | 0.89–2.65 | 0.12 | ||
| One year MACCEs | 6 (5.8) | 32 (8.1) | 1.4 | 0.3–1.71 | 0.45 | ||
| Death | 1 (1) | 2 (0.5) | 0.51 | 0.18–21.64 | 0.58 | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 4 (3.9) | 23 (5.8) | 1.5 | 0.2–1.9 | 0.46 | ||
| Revascularization | 1 (1) | 4 (1) | 1.05 | 0.11–8.52 | 0.97 | ||
| Stroke | 1 (1) | 8 (2) | 2.13 | 0.06–3.76 | 0.48 | ||
| Other postoperative outcomes | |||||||
| Prolonged ICU stay (>72h) | 17 (16.4) | 43 (10.8) | 1.61 | 0.88–2.96 | 0.13 | ||
| In-hospital wound problem | 3 (2.9) | 10 (2.5) | 1.15 | 0.31–4.26 | 0.83 | ||
| Bleeding-related reoperation | 2 (1.9) | 7 (1.8) | 1.09 | 0.22–5.34 | 0.91 | ||
| Subgroup without diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia | 91 | 323 | |||||
| Composite of in-hospital MAEs | 22 (24.2) | 61 (18.9) | 1.37 | 0.79–2.39 | 0.27 | ||
| In-hospital death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| In-hospital myocardial infarction | 7 (7.7) | 22 (6.8) | 1.14 | 0.47–2.76 | 0.77 | ||
| In-hospital revascularization | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | |||||
| In-hospital stroke | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.3) | 3.58 | 0.22–57.77 | 0.37 | ||
| Prolonged mechanical ventilation (>72h) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.2) | |||||
| Acute kidney injury | 2 (2.2) | 8 (2.5) | 0.89 | 0.19–4.24 | 0.88 | ||
| In-hospital new arrhythmia | 15 (16.5) | 35 (10.8) | 1.62 | 0.84–3.13 | 0.15 | ||
| One year MACCEs | 8 | 29 | 0.99 | 0.46–2.18 | 0.99 | ||
| Death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Myocardial infarction | 7 (7.7) | 23 (7.1) | 1.1 | 0.47–2.57 | 0.82 | ||
| Revascularization | 0 (0) | 6 (1.9) | |||||
| Stroke | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.3) | 3.58 | 0.22–57.29 | 0.37 | ||
| Other postoperative outcomes | |||||||
| Prolonged ICU stay (>72h) | 6 (6.6) | 26 (8.05) | 0.81 | 0.32–2.02 | 0.65 | ||
| In-hospital wound problem | 2 (2.2) | 6 (1.9) | 1.19 | 0.24–5.98 | 0.84 | ||
| Bleeding-related reoperation | 2 (2.2) | 3 (0.9) | 2.4 | 0.39–14.57 | 0.34 | ||
TIVA indicates propofol-remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia; OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LV EF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MAEs, major adverse events; MACCEs, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events; ICU, intensive care unit.