Table 4.
Results from Co-Twin Control Results that Resemble Scenario C (i.e., Genetic and/or Environmental Selection).
| Exposure Questionnaires | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived Friend Preoccupation
with Weight and Dieting (N=535–561) |
Appearance Conversations with
Friends (N=569–596) |
Friends as a Source of Influence (N=566–592) | Peer Attribution Scale (N=566–593) | |||||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| Outcome Measures |
Ind. MZ (β) |
Ind. DZ (β) |
Within- Pair MZ (β) |
Within- Pair DZ (β) |
Ex x Zyg (β) |
Ind. MZ (β) |
Ind. DZ (β) |
Within- Pair MZ (β) |
Within- Pair DZ (β) |
Ex x Zyg (β) |
Ind. MZ (β) |
Ind. DZ (β) |
Within- Pair MZ (β) |
Within- Pair DZ (β) |
Ex x Zyg (β) |
Ind. MZ (β) |
Ind. DZ (β) |
Within- Pair MZ (β) |
Within- Pair DZ (β) |
Ex x Zyg (β) |
| Minnesota Eating Behaviors Survey | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Score | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.35* | 0.23* | 0.19* | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.35* | 0.35* | 0.15* | 0.09 | 0.07 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Body Diss | 0.29* | 0.23* | 0.13* | <0.01 | 0.13 | 0.23* | 0.14† | 0.10 | <0.01 | 0.10 | 0.21* | 0.25* | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.26* | 0.46* | 0.07 | 0.14* | 0.07 |
| Binge Eating | 0.37* | 0.25* | 0.17* | 0.06 | 0.11 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.30* | 0.30* | 0.11 | 0.13* | 0.01 | 0.18* | 0.43* | 0.10 | 0.19* | 0.09 |
| Weight Preocc | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.35* | 0.23* | 0.18* | 0.07 | 0.11 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Eating in the Absence of Hunger | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Neg Affect | 0.29* | 0.24* | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.15† | 0.23* | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.28* | 0.27* | 0.10 | 0.09 | <0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| External Eating | 0.23* | 0.28* | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.16† | 0.24* | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.16* | 0.26* | <0.01 | 0.12 | 0.12 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Fatigue | 0.35* | 0.17† | 0.14 | −0.02 | 0.15 | .18* | 0.16† | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.20* | 0.21* | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.04 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Emotional Eating Scale | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Anger, Anx, & Frustration | 0.16† | 0.15† | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.19* | 0.22* | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Depression | 0.24* | 0.21* | 0.09 | 0.10 | <0.01 | 0.18* | 0.27* | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.04 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.15* | 0.34* | 0.10 | 0.17* | 0.08 |
| Unsettled | 0.15† | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.03 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.19* | 0.17† | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.04 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Note. β = fixed effects beta estimates from the mixed linear models that index how effectively exposure to weight conscious peer groups can predict the outcome (i.e., disordered eating) in each set of analysis; “Ind. MZ” = individual-level associations between weight conscious peer groups and disordered eating for MZ pairs; “Ind. DZ” = individual-level associations between weight conscious peer groups and disordered eating for DZ pairs. “Within-Pair MZ” = within-pair association (i.e., the ability of within-pair differences in peer exposure to weight conscious peer groups to predict each twin’s level of disordered eating) for MZ pairs; “Within-Pair DZ = within-pair associations for DZ pairs only; “Ex x Zyg” = test of whether there are significant differences in within-pair effects for MZ versus DZ twins.
p< .01,
p<.05