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. 2016 Mar 16;3:16004. doi: 10.1038/mto.2016.4

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Copyright © 2016 Official journal of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Rapid perfringolysin O (PFO)-dependent cytotoxicity of VAX-IP in relevant bladder cancer cell lines. (a) The number of VAX-IP or VAX-I minicells needed to kill murine MB49, human RT4, human HTB-9, and human T24 urothelial cell carcinoma cell lines, expressed as the ratio of minicells to plated mammalian cell, was assessed by addition of PrestoBlue viability dye after a 24-hour coincubation. (b) PFO-dependent plasma membrane permeabilization and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into cell culture supernatants was assessed in MB49 cells over a 2-hour time course as compared to recombinant PFO (rPFO) and an equivalent number of VAX-I minicells. (c) PFO-dependent plasma membrane permeabilization was also assessed by propidium iodide staining of MB49 cells treated with VAX-IP for 2 hours as compared to an equivalent number of VAX-I minicells and compared to negative (cells only) and positive (heat treated) controls.