TABLE 1.
Unweighted descriptive statistics for individual and neighborhood-level covariates: 2009–2012 NYC community health survey (N = 32,452) and 2009–2012 NYC Stop, Question, and Frisk database (N = 34)
| Mean/Median | Standard deviation | Min | Max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health outcomes (N = 32,452) | ||||
| Poor/fair healtha | 23.73 | 0 | 1 | |
| Diabetesb | 12.65 | 0 | 1 | |
| High blood pressureb | 35.38 | 0 | 1 | |
| Asthmab | 4.78 | 0 | 1 | |
| Overweight/obeseb | 59.73 | 0 | 1 | |
| Individual-level covariates (N = 32,452) | ||||
| Black non-Latinob | 22.63 | 0 | 1 | |
| Latinob | 25.42 | 0 | 1 | |
| Asian/Pacific Islanderb | 7.65 | 0 | 1 | |
| Whiteb | 44.30 | 0 | 1 | |
| 2009 (reference category)b | 27.64 | 0 | 1 | |
| 2010b | 23.92 | 0 | 1 | |
| 2011b | 24.19 | 0 | 1 | |
| 2012b | 24.25 | 0 | 1 | |
| Male (0 = female)b | 40.69 | 0 | 1 | |
| Age (in Years) | 52.38 | 17.28 | 18 | 98 |
| Less than high school (reference category)b | 14.55 | 0 | 1 | |
| High school (ref. less than high school)b | 22.04 | 0 | 1 | |
| Some college (ref. less than high school)b | 20.69 | 0 | 1 | |
| College degree (ref. less than high school)b | 42.72 | 0 | 1 | |
| Employed (0 = unemployed)b | 55.25 | 0 | 1 | |
| Income less than poverty line (reference category)b | 19.38 | 0 | 1 | |
| Income 1–2× poverty lineb | 15.90 | 0 | 1 | |
| Income 2–4× poverty lineb | 14.84 | 0 | 1 | |
| Income 4–6× poverty lineb | 14.60 | 0 | 1 | |
| Income more than 6× poverty lineb | 21.23 | 0 | 1 | |
| Don’t know incomeb | 8.14 | 0 | 1 | |
| Missing poverty datab | 5.91 | 0 | 1 | |
| US born (0 = not US born)b | 62.38 | 0 | 1 | |
| Insured (0 = not insured)b | 88.59 | 0 | 1 | |
| Unmet medical care last year (0 = Met)b | 9.32 | 0 | 1 | |
| Household size | 2.43 | 0.35 | 1 | 6 |
| Currently married/cohabitating (reference category)b | 43.70 | 0 | 1 | |
| Formerly married (ref. married/cohabitating)b | 29.98 | 0 | 1 | |
| Never married (ref. married/cohabitating)b | 26.32 | 0 | 1 | |
| Primarily english at home (reference category)b | 75.05 | 0 | 1 | |
| Primarily spanish at home (ref. primarily english)b | 15.06 | 0 | 1 | |
| Primarily other language at home (ref. primarily english)b | 9.89 | 0 | 1 | |
| Neighborhood-level covariates (N = 34) | ||||
| Stop rate per 100 non-institutionalized population | 29.29 | 19.03 | 8.06 | 79.69 |
| Minority/white stop ratio | 6.13 | 4.72 | 0.47 | 22.75 |
| Neighborhood frisk likelihoodb | 54.04 | 9.22 | 33.36 | 73.19 |
| Minority/white frisk ratio | 1.25 | 0.16 | 0.89 | 1.68 |
| Neighborhood use of force likelihoodb | 20.86 | 7.19 | 10.30 | 34.86 |
| Minority/white use of force ratio | 1.28 | 0.21 | 0.87 | 1.80 |
| Community arrest rate | 6.83 | 2.17 | 3.32 | 12.07 |
| Total robbery complaints | 410.65 | 1001.52 | 0 | 3864 |
| Total persons incarcerated | 553.74 | 1924.40 | 0 | 11,101 |
| Percent black or Latino | 51.45 | 28.63 | 10.61 | 96.59 |
| Percent below federal poverty line | 18.91 | 8.75 | 6.17 | 38.98 |
| Affluence concentration | 7.73 | 5.48 | 0.70 | 23.09 |
| Percent households more than US$50,000 | 49.57 | 13.06 | 21.71 | 75.97 |
| Percent owner-occupied units | 31.88 | 17.18 | 6.86 | 72.78 |
aPercentage reported