Figure 1.
Three main factors behind Helicobacter pylori associated enigma namely: (1) Bacterial virulence factors; (2) Host genetic factors; and (3) Environmental factors. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; cagA: Cytotoxin associated gene-A; VacA: Vacuolating cytotoxin A; IL-1: Interleukin-1.