Table 3.
Unadjusted means and within- and between-group comparisons in the treatment-completers subsample
| Measures | Group | n | Baseline (T1) | n | Post-test (T2) | p (T 1 − T 2) | n | Follow-up (T3) | p (T 2 − T 3) | p (time × treatment) | Effect size d | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | Within-group T1 − T3 |
Between-group T3 |
||||||||
| Child behavior | |||||||||||||||
| ECBI intensity (mother) | PCIT | 13 | 154.7 | 27.2 | 12 | 96.0 | 33.4 | <.001* | 11 | 103.0 | 43.1 | .564 | .002* | 1.44* | −0.85 |
| FCT | 15 | 139.5 | 36.2 | 15 | 137.5 | 31.1 | .836 | 13 | 133.2 | 25.8 | .190 | 0.20 | |||
| ECBI intensity (father) | PCIT | 8 | 165.9 | 11.3 | 7 | 104.0 | 37.4 | .017* | 6 | 112.8 | 46.3 | .564 | .034* | 1.57* | −0.26 |
| FCT | 8 | 132.3 | 40.3 | 7 | 133.7 | 36.6 | .506 | 5 | 123.7 | 35.9 | .984 | 0.22 | |||
| ECBI problem (mother) | PCIT | 11 | 19.9 | 6.8 | 12 | 10.3 | 8.7 | .002* | 11 | 9.7 | 10.9 | .892 | .349 | 1.12* | −0.24 |
| FCT | 13 | 17.9 | 8.3 | 13 | 14.5 | 7.9 | .230 | 13 | 12.0 | 7.5 | .243 | 0.75 | |||
| ECBI problem (father) | PCIT | 8 | 22.4 | 6.3 | 6 | 9.8 | 10.5 | .013* | 6 | 11.1 | 10.9 | .854 | .017* | 1.47* | −0.46 |
| FCT | 5 | 17.8 | 9.1 | 7 | 18.7 | 9.1 | .109 | 4 | 16.3 | 11.4 | .335 | 0.15 | |||
| CBCL internalizing (T-score) | PCIT | 12 | 63.5 | 7.3 | 10 | 54.4 | 7.3 | .002* | 11 | 49.3 | 12.6 | .169 | .054* | 1.38* | −0.83 |
| FCT | 13 | 61.2 | 8.8 | 15 | 59.1 | 7.7 | .247 | 13 | 58.2 | 8.5 | .894 | 0.36 | |||
| CBCL externalizing (T-score) | PCIT | 12 | 71.1 | 11.2 | 10 | 61.5 | 9.4 | <.001* | 11 | 56.1 | 13.9 | .308 | .009* | 1.19* | −0.78 |
| FCT | 13 | 68.5 | 9.2 | 15 | 65.2 | 7.8 | .158 | 13 | 64.7 | 7.3 | .474 | 0.46* | |||
| DPICS inappropriate behavior | PCIT | 13 | 18.6 | 19.7 | 13 | 9.9 | 13.0 | .158 | 10 | 8.7 | 9.2 | .739 | .715 | 0.65 | −0.46 |
| FCT | 14 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 14 | 14.9 | 12.6 | .797 | 11 | 13.2 | 10.3 | .478 | 0.25 | |||
| DPICS % non-compliance | PCIT | 13 | 49.9 | 25.1 | 13 | 28.2 | 22.8 | .029* | 10 | 30.6 | 25.7 | .686 | .044* | 0.76 | −0.04 |
| FCT | 14 | 30.3 | 24.0 | 14 | 39.0 | 25.5 | .272 | 11 | 31.8 | 31.7 | .629 | −0.05 | |||
| Parenting stress | |||||||||||||||
| PSI-SF (mother) | PCIT | 11 | 93.3 | 25.6 | 10 | 75.3 | 29.9 | .014* | 11 | 66.3 | 29.7 | .747 | .347 | 0.97* | −0.56 |
| FCT | 15 | 89.7 | 24.3 | 15 | 79.1 | 23.0 | .229 | 12 | 79.7 | 16.8 | .315 | 0.48 | |||
| PSI-SF (father) | PCIT | 8 | 107.5 | 18.6 | 6 | 63.3 | 27.8 | .008* | 6 | 53.2 | 15.4 | .592 | .007* | 3.18* | −1.15 |
| FCT | 8 | 85.3 | 28.2 | 7 | 86.4 | 30.6 | .428 | 5 | 77.8 | 26.1 | .270 | 0.27* | |||
| Parenting skills | |||||||||||||||
| DPICS % positive following | PCIT | 13 | 7.6 | 4.1 | 13 | 18.4 | 12.0 | .005* | 10 | 22.4 | 13.3 | .586 | .005* | −1.51* | 1.41 |
| FCT | 14 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 14 | 7.2 | 3.6 | .999 | 12 | 8.4 | 5.7 | .680 | −0.14 | |||
| DPICS % negative leading | PCIT | 13 | 44.1 | 13.8 | 13 | 23.3 | 9.7 | <.001* | 10 | 21.1 | 16.7 | .444 | .014* | 1.51* | −1.44 |
| FCT | 14 | 43.3 | 8.3 | 14 | 35.2 | 8.7 | .018* | 12 | 41.1 | 10.5 | .135 | 0.23 | |||
| DPICS praise | PCIT | 13 | 8.5 | 4.0 | 13 | 23.3 | 21.4 | .029* | 10 | 16.0 | 10.1 | .203 | .022* | −0.99* | 1.08 |
| FCT | 14 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 14 | 4.7 | 3.3 | .111 | 11 | 7.2 | 5.71 | .502 | 0.10 | |||
| DPICS demandingness | PCIT | 13 | 31.6 | 16.2 | 13 | 16.4 | 6.3 | .007* | 10 | 17.4 | 14.5 | .816 | .287 | 0.93* | −0.20 |
| FCT | 14 | 27.1 | 18.8 | 14 | 23.3 | 11.3 | .473 | 11 | 20.4 | 14.5 | .524 | 0.40 | |||
Tests of significance for assessment time and for time-treatment interaction used the baseline score as reference point. For DPICS % positive following and for DPICS praise, higher means indicate improvement. Asterisks in the T1 − T3 within-group effect size column indicate significant change from baseline to follow-up
* p < .05