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. 2016 Feb 29;100:4135–4145. doi: 10.1007/s00253-016-7396-9

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — Quantification of viable cells. P. aeruginosa (a, c) and S. aureus (b, d) biofilms were treated with different cleaners. The viable cells were quantified by ATP detection with BacTiter-Glo reagent (a, b) and regrowth in the Turbidity Threshold method (c, d). The Y-axis represents the cell numbers relative to the negative control. Error bars are generated from six replicas. A t test was applied to each cleaner treatment compared to the negative control to calculate if the differences are statistically significant (one asterisk, p < 0.05) or highly significant (two asterisks, p < 0.001)