Table 2.

Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) of Incident Heart Failure by CSA or CSB

	Minimally Adjusted*	MV Adjusted†	MV + WASO Adjusted†	MV + OSA Adjusted†	MV + AF Adjusted†	MV + Hypoxemia Adjusted†	MV Excluding Those with Baseline HF†	MV Truncating Follow-up to Start of CPAP Use
CAI ≥5 (n = 209)	1.85 (1.20–2.86)	1.79 (1.16–2.77)	1.72 (1.11–2.67)	1.55 (0.99–2.44)	1.85 (1.17–2.94)	1.75 (1.13–2.73)	1.57 (0.92–2.66)	1.57 (0.94–2.61)
CSB (n = 185)	2.29 (1.51–3.46)	2.23 (1.45–3.43)	2.19 (1.42–3.38)	1.96 (1.26–3.07)	1.91 (1.17–3.13)	2.17 (1.41–3.35)	1.90 (1.10–3.30)	2.53 (1.60–4.00)

Definition of abbreviations: AF = atrial fibrillation; CAI = central apnea index; CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure; CSA = central sleep apnea; CSB = Cheyne-Stokes breathing; HF = heart failure; MV = multivariable; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; WASO = wake after sleep onset.

^*Adjusted for clinic site, age, race, and history of heart failure.

^†Adjusted for clinic site, age, race, BMI, history of coronary artery disease (myocardial infarction, angina, bypass surgery, angioplasty), heart failure, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity.