Table 3.
Patient Characteristics According to Model 1 Propensity Score Quintile
| Characteristics | Quintile 5 (Highest Risk of Early HFOV) (n = 213) | Quintile 4 (n = 213) | Quintile 3 (n = 213) | Quintiles 1-2 (Lowest Risk of Early HFOV) (n = 425) | P Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early HFOV, n (%) | 99 (46) | 50 (23) | 26 (12) | 17 (4) | <0.001 |
| Age at PICU admission | |||||
| Median (IQR), yr | 4.3 (1.2–11.5) | 6.7 (2.4–13.1) | 3.3 (0.5–10.8) | 4.0 (1.0–9.8) | 0.07 |
| No. (%) | 0.18 | ||||
| 6.00–17.99 yr | 87 (41) | 113 (53) | 84 (39) | 173 (41) | |
| 2.00–5.99 yr | 49 (23) | 52 (24) | 31 (15) | 100 (24) | |
| 2 wk–1.99 yr | 77 (36) | 48 (23) | 98 (46) | 152 (36) | |
| PRISM III-12 score, median (IQR) | 15 (9–22) | 12 (6–19) | 10 (5–14) | 7 (3–11) | <0.001 |
| Primary diagnosis, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Pneumonia | 72 (34) | 95 (45) | 82 (39) | 156 (37) | |
| Bronchiolitis | 18 (8) | 18 (8) | 32 (15) | 81 (19) | |
| Acute respiratory failure r/t sepsis | 75 (35) | 42 (20) | 47 (22) | 55 (13) | |
| Asthma or reactive airway disease | 6 (3) | 13 (6) | 20 (9) | 57 (13) | |
| Aspiration pneumonia | 10 (5) | 12 (6) | 15 (7) | 24 (6) | |
| Other | 32 (15) | 33 (15) | 17 (8) | 52 (12) | |
| Any past medical history, n (%) | 106 (50) | 118 (55) | 110 (52) | 246 (58) | 0.07 |
| Organ dysfunction on Days 0–1 | |||||
| Median (IQR), number of organ dysfunctions | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 2 (1–2) | <0.001 |
| Number (%) | |||||
| Cardiovascular | 184 (86) | 162 (76) | 146 (69) | 111 (26) | <0.001 |
| Neurologic | 136 (64) | 110 (52) | 104 (49) | 118 (28) | <0.001 |
| Hematologic | 68 (32) | 56 (26) | 41 (19) | 61 (14) | <0.001 |
| Renal | 16 (8) | 22 (10) | 13 (6) | 14 (3) | 0.002 |
| Hepatic | 63 (30) | 52 (24) | 40 (19) | 52 (12) | <0.001 |
| Worst OI on Days 0–1, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| 8.0–15.9 | 0 | 5 (2) | 116 (54) | 380 (89) | |
| 16.0–24.9 | 14 (7) | 134 (63) | 85 (40) | 45 (11) | |
| 25.0–39.9 | 100 (47) | 74 (35) | 12 (6) | 0 | |
| ≥40.0 | 99 (46) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Definition of abbreviations: HFOV = high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; IQR = interquartile range; OI = oxygenation index; PICU = pediatric intensive care unit; PRISM III-12 = Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score from first 12 hours in the PICU; r/t = related to.
*
P values for the comparison between groups were calculated using logistic, linear, cumulative logit, and multinomial logistic regression accounting for PICU as a cluster variable using generalized estimating equations for binary, log-transformed continuous, ordinal, and nominal variables, respectively.