Table 1.

Immunological studies on PfEMP1 domains

DC	Key domains	SD	HB	Motif	var	Adhesion	SM	C/R Ab	P.reich.	Antibodies	Surface	Protection	References
DC11	NTS-DBLα1·8/DBLζ					Rosetting/IgM		Yes		Rabbits	Yes	Opsonization	[1]
DC16	NTS-DBLα1·5/DBLζ				HB3VAR06	Rosetting/IgM		Yes		Rabbits	Yes	Opsonization	[1, 2]
DC5					Pf11_0008	PECAM		No	Yes	Rat	Yes	Longitudinal	[3]
DC4	CIDRα1·6/DBLβ3-D4				var4	ICAM1/EPCR	Yes	Yes	Yes	Rat/human	Yes	IE adhesion	[4–7]
DC13	CIDRα1·4					EPCR	Yes	Yes		Human	Yes		[8–10]
DC8	CIDRα1·1				IT4var19	EPCR	Yes	Yes		Human	Yes		[8–11]
	CIDRα1·1					EPCR		Yes		Human	Yes		[6, 11]
	CIDRα1·4					EPCR		Yes		Human	Yes		[6, 11]
	CIDRα1·5					EPCR		Yes		Human	Yes		[6]
	CIDRα1·8					EPCR		Yes		Human	Yes		[6]
	CIDRα2.8				MC-var1	CD36		Yes		Aotus	No	Vaccination	[12]
	CIDRβ4				Pf11_0008			Yes		Human	Yes	Longitudinal	[13]
	NTS-DBLα1·6	1,2			varO	Rosetting		No		Human/mice	Yes		[14, 15]
	NTS-DBLα1·8	3			IT4var60	Rosetting		Yes		Mouse	Yes	Anti-roset	[16]
	NTS-DBLα1·8	1,2			IT4var60			Yes		Human		Anti-roset	[17]
	NTS-DBLα1·8	2–3	~2	DYVPQ(F/Y)LR				Yes		Human		Anti-roset	[17]
	NTS-DBLα1·8	2	5	RDSM(ALNRKE)			RD	Yes		Human/rat/rabbit	Yes		[18, 19]
		1	4	GACxPxRRxxLC		C32 cells		Yes		Aotus	Yes	Vaccination	[20]

DC, domain cassette; SD, sub-domain; HB, homology block; var, commonly used model var; SM, association between expression and disease severity; C/R Ab, Whether cross-reactive antibodies have been detected; P. reich., identification of structure in Plasmodium reichenowi; antibodies, source of antibodies used; protection, the method used to demonstrate that antibodies are protective; longitudinal, longitudinal cohort studies of human populations; adhesion, reversal of infected erythrocyte adhesion; vaccination, protection demonstrated by vaccinating animals; anti-roset, rosette disruption by antibodies. RD, malaria with respiratory distress.

References: 1. Ghumra et al. (2012); 2. Stevenson et al. (2014); 3. Berger et al. (2013); 4. Jensen et al. (2004); 5. Bengtsson et al. (2013); 6. Lau et al. (2015); 7. Janes et al. (2011); 8. Avril et al. (2012); 9. Claessens et al. (2012); 10. Lavstsen et al. (2012); 11. Turner et al. (2013); 12. Gamain et al. (2001); 13. Magistrado et al. (2007); 14. Vigan-Womas et al. (2011); 15. Vigan-Womas et al. (2012); 16. Angeletti et al. (2012); 17. Albrecht et al. (2014); 18. Normark et al. (2007); 19. Blomqvist et al. (2013); 20. Patarroyo et al. (2014).