Table 1.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among rural Gambian adults at baseline (1997) and follow up (2011)
| Mean (s.d.) or percentage a | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 2011 b | |
| Age (years) | 36.0 (7.76) | 50.0 (7.77) |
| Weight (kg) | 55.9 (9.18) | 61.5 (13.2) |
| Height (cm) | 161.2 (6.94) | 163.7 (6.84) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.5 (3.08) | 22.9 (4.50)*** |
| Overweight/obese (%) | 6.86/1.14 | 18.9/6.29*** |
| Fat mass (kg) | na | 18.1 (9.10) |
| Trunk fat mass (kg) | na | 8.97 (4.87) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 106.5 (10.5) | 116.7 (17.5)*** |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69.7 (7.68) | 71.3 (10.2)*** |
| Hypertensive (%) | 13.1% | 31.6%*** |
| Glucose T0 c (mmol/l) | 5.31 (5.23, 5.38) | 5.30 (5.19, 5.43) |
| Glucose T30 (mmol/l) | 7.41 (7.22, 7.61) | 7.36 (7.07, 7.67) |
| Glucose T120 (mmol/l) | 5.05 (5.28, 6.15) | 5.46 (5.20, 5.74)** |
| Insulin T0 (pg/ml) d | 4.05 (4.03, 5.75) | 5.98 (5.46, 6.55)*** |
| Insulin T30(pg/ml) | 39.7 (36.6, 43.1) | 48.2 (43.2, 53.8)*** |
| Insulin T120 (pg/ml) | 13.2 (11.6, 15.0) | 20.2 (18.0, 22.7)*** |
| Impaired glucose tolerance (%) | 0.57 | 7.43*** |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus (%) | 0 | 2.86* |
Data presented for the 175 individuals seen in 1997, who were traced in 2011.
a
Geometric means (95% CIs) have been presented for skewed variables
b
Paired T-tests (continuous data) or χ2 (prevalence data) used to test for differences between timepoints. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001
c
T0 – Baseline (fasting); T30–30 minutes post-glucose load; T120–120 minutes post-glucose load.
d
Insulin data from 1997 originally measured in pmol/l, converted by a factor of 6.945 to be presented in pg/ml.