TABLE 1.

Evolving International Research Ethics Landscape.

Early concerns		Transitions beginning late 1990s		Current
Exploitation, helicopter research		Responsiveness and post-trial planning to minimize exploitation		Collaborative partnerships, benefit sharing, responsiveness
Ethical imperialism		Capacity building		Partnership, community engagement, capacity building
Inappropriateness of Western norms such as informed consent		Expanding commitment to individual informed consent, respect for permission of community or tribal leaders		Continued commitment to improving informed consent everywhere
		Standards of care in study design		Standards of care, ancillary care, post-trial care