Table 1. Developing country consent studies.

Authors	Country	Sample	Type of clinical research	Method of evaluation
Ellis et al, 201018	Mali	89 M and F	Malaria vaccine phase 1 trial	Questionnaire administered after IC document reviewed but before consent
Vallely et al, 201020	Tanzania	99 F	Placebo controlled trial of HIV vaginal microbicide	Interviews at 4, 24 and 52 weeks
Sarkar et al, 200921	India	368 Parents	Birth cohort study of diarrhoeal disease	Structured interviews 3–7 months post-trial
Oduro et al, 200822	Ghana	270 Mothers	Paediatric trials evaluating immune correlates of protection against malaria	Questionnaire administered at end of study
Hill et al, 200823	Ghana	60 F	Vitamin A supplementation trial	Semi-structured interviews after consent
Minnies et al, 200824	South Africa	192 Mothers	Paediatric case–control trial of immune correlates against severe childhood TB	Self-administered questionnaire with staff help if necessary, within 1 h of consent
Kaewpoonsri et al, 200625	Thailand	84 M and F	Malaria drug trials	Interview at third follow-up visit
Marshall et al, 200619	Nigeria	307 M and F	Genetic studies of hypertension	Interviews administered at variable times usually long after consent
Krosin et al, 200626	Mali	163 Parents	Paediatric malaria vaccine prevention trial	Questionnaire within 48 h after consent
Moodley et al, 200527	South Africa	334 M and F	Influenza vaccine trial	Interviews 4–12 months post-trial
Pace et al, 200528	Thailand	141 M and F	HIV study of IL-2 effectiveness	Interviewers administered survey immediately after consent
Pace et al, 200529	Uganda	347 Parents	Paediatric malaria treatment study	Interviews immediately after consent
Ekouevi et al, 200430	Côte d'Ivoire	55 F	HIV mother-to-child transmission prevention trial	Interviews a median of 136 days after consent
Joubert et al, 200331	South Africa	92 F	Trial of vitamin A for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission	Interviews a median of 14 months after consent
Lynöe et al, 200132	Bangladesh	105 F	Nutritional trial of iron supplements for pregnant women	Interviews after consent
Leach et al, 199933	The Gambia	137 Mothers	Paediatric trial of Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine	Interviews within a week of consent
Karim et al, 199834	South Africa	Evaluation study group: 56 F	Perinatal HIV transmission trial	Questionnaires administered before and after counselling and consent
		Sensitisation control group: 56 F*
Pitisuttithum et al, 199735	Thailand	33 M and F	HIV vaccine trial with drug users	Questionnaire before signing consent

^*To evaluate the informed consent obtained for the HIV testing that preceded induction into the perinatal transmission trial, researchers administered both pre- and post-counselling questionnaires to an evaluation study group (n=56). A sensitisation control group (n=56) received only post-counselling questionnaires, so as to measure the sensitising effect of the pre-counselling questionnaire given to the evaluation study group.

F, female; IC, informed consent; M, male.