Table 1.
Cohort Demographics
| Characteristic | Urban |
Rural |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inpatient (n = 282) | Outpatient (n = 118) | Total (n = 400) | Inpatient (n = 22) | Outpatient (n = 108) | Total (N = 130) | |
| Age | ||||||
| 0–11 mo | 151 (54) | 42 (36) | 193 (48) | 11 (50) | 53 (49) | 64 (49) |
| 12–23 mo | 105 (37) | 51 (43) | 156 (39) | 5 (23) | 26 (24) | 31 (24) |
| 24–59 mo | 24 (9) | 17 (14) | 41 (10) | 4 (18) | 26 (24) | 30 (23) |
| Mean (SD), mo | 13.6 (8.0) | 17.9 (13.0) | 14.8 (9.8) | 16.2 (14.2) | 15.9 (11.4) | 15.9 (11.8) |
| Male sex | 168 (60.0) | 63 (53) | 231 (58) | 9 (41) | 62 (57) | 71 (55) |
| Persons in household, median (IQR) | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (3.5–6) | 6 (4–7) | 6 (5–7) | 6 (4–7) |
| Transport to facility | ||||||
| Walk | 15 (5) | 17 (14) | 32 (8) | 10 (46) | 59 (55) | 69 (53) |
| Bicycle | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 10 (46) | 36 (33) | 46 (35) |
| Car | 19 (7) | 1 (1) | 20 (5) | 0 | 3 (3) | 3 (2) |
| Minibus | 214 (76) | 84 (71) | 298 (75) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 18 (6) | 36 (31) | 54 (14) | 2 (9) | 10 (9) | 12 (9) |
| Water source | ||||||
| Piped to house | 38 (14) | 23 (20) | 61 (15) | 2 (9) | 14 (13) | 16 (12) |
| Communal piped tap | 187 (66) | 86 (73) | 273 (68) | 3 (14) | 16 (15) | 19 (15) |
| Borehole | 35 (12) | 5 (4) | 40 (10) | 7 (32) | 31 (29) | 38 (29) |
| Protected well | 3 (1) | 0 | 3 (1) | 0 | 5 (5) | 5 (4) |
| Open well | 11 (4) | 1 (1) | 12 (3) | 4 (18) | 2 (2) | 6 (5) |
| Open lake/stream | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Toilet facilities | ||||||
| Flush toilet | 12 (4) | 6 (5) | 18 (5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Improved latrine | 0 | 1 (1) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pit latrine | 261 (93) | 106 (90) | 367 (92) | 16 (73) | 58 (54) | 74 (57) |
| Open | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (1) | 6 (27) | 50 (46) | 56 (43) |
| Handwashing facilities available | 85 (30) | 71 (60) | 156 (39) | 4 (18) | 23 (21) | 27 (21) |
| Caregiver | ||||||
| Mother | 274 (97) | 118 (100) | 392 (98) | 20 (91) | 102 (94) | 122 (94) |
| Education of caregiver | ||||||
| Tertiary | 17 (6) | 3 (3) | 20 (5) | 0 | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Secondary | 113 (40) | 64 (54) | 177 (44) | 5 (23) | 28 (26) | 33 (25) |
| Primary | 122 (43) | 46 (39) | 168 (42) | 15 (68) | 76 (70) | 91 (70) |
| None | 6 (2) | 1 (1) | 7 (2) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown | 15 (5) | 3 (3) | 18 (5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Profession of caregiver | ||||||
| Housework/child care | 157 (56) | 68 (58) | 225 (56) | 12 (55) | 41 (38) | 53 (41) |
| Farming | 7 (3) | 2 (2) | 9 (2) | 6 (27) | 4 (4) | 10 (8) |
| Small business/self-employed | 75 (27) | 30 (25) | 105 (26) | 2 (9) | 2 (2) | 4 (3) |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise specified.
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.