Table 1.

Synthetic inhibitors with antidiabetic effects.

S. N.	Synthetic Inhibitor	Effect	Mode of Action	Reference
1	Aspirin, Diclofenic	Antiglycating	Blockage of attachment of reducing sugar with protein	44, 45, 46
2	Inositol	Antiglycating	Glucose can be scavenged	47
3	Arginine, arginine-lysine	Antiglycating	Competitive attachment of these amino acids to glucose	48
4	Metformin	Inhibition of early stage of glycation	Blood sugar lowering	40
5	Pioglitazone, pentoxifylline	Antiglycating	Blood sugar lowering	41
6	Aminoguanidine, pyridoxamine	Blockage of Amadori product formation	Potent carbonyl and free radical scavengers	49
7	Pyridoxamine, thiamine pyrophosphate	Inhibition of AGEs formation	Dicarbonyl scavengers	52, 53, 54, 57
8	Buformin, carnosine	Prevents in vitro protein glycation and cross-linking	Trapping of carbonyl compounds, antioxidants	58, 59, 60
9	Calcium antagonists, amlodipine, kinetin, quinine	Retardation of AGEs formation	Radical scavenging properties	61, 62, 63, 64
10	Tenilsetam	Inhibition of Amadori product formation	Attach with sugar-derived moieties of glycated proteins	65
11	Pencillamine	Inhibition of Amadori product AGEs formation	Reacts with Amadori-derived fragmentation products	66
12	N-phenacylthiazolium bromide, Alagebrium	Cross-link breaker	Reacts with and cleaves covalent, AGE-derived protein cross-links	72, 73, 74
13	TRC4186	Cross-link breaker	Potent free radical scavenging activity, reduction in accumulation of AGEs	75, 146