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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Methods. 2014 Mar;19(1):39–55. doi: 10.1037/a0035314

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Two latent variable specifications for a manifest regression model. The triangles denote a unit vector, and the directional arrows originating from the triangles represent mean structure parameters (e.g., structural regression intercept, latent mean, or measurement intercept). Parameters constrained to zero (e.g., the δ and ε residuals) are omitted from the diagrams. The top diagram represents a model with the measurement intercepts constrained to zero, and the bottom diagram is a model with the latent means constrained to zero.