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. 2015 Dec 17;7(4):4939–4948. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6643

Figure 4. CCK and CTSB contribute to an autocrine/paracrine amplification loop.

Figure 4

A. CTSB regulates the secretion of CCK by prostate cancer cells. TC1-T5 cells were treated with recombinant CTSB protein (0.2μg/ml) for 4 hours and the level of CCK in the conditioned medium was determined by ELISA. B. Inhibition of CTSB with CTSB inhibitor CA-074ME (10μM) suppresses CCK secretion in TC1-T5 cells. C. CTSB inhibition suppressed the promoting effect of adipocytes on prostatsphere formation in a dose dependent manner. TRAMP-C1 cells co-cultured with 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes were treated with different dosage of CA-074ME (5, 10 and 20μM). Prostaspheres were counted and imaged at day 7. D. CTSB inactivation sensitizes prostate CSCs to YM022 treatment. TRAMP-C1 cells co-cultured with 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes were treated with the YM022 alone or in combination with CA-074ME. After 7 days, prostaspheres formed were counted and imaged under the microscope. E. Summary of the proposed role of adipocytes on prostate CSC maintenance. Each experiment was repeated at least three times, and the results are presented as the mean ± SD. (p values: * < 0.05, ** < 0.005, *** < 0.0005).