Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to smoking status
| Characteristic | Total | Current | Former | Never | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 630 | 175 | 271 | 184 | |
| Age, years | 59.5 ± 8.0 | 57.9 ± 6.6 | 60.9 ± 8.5 | 59.0 ± 8.1 | 0.16 |
| Male sex (%) | 283 (45) | 85 (49) | 126 (47) | 72 (39) | 0.07 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.4 ± 4.5 | 26.7 ± 4.4 | 27.6 ± 4.3 | 27.6 ± 4.8 | 0.07 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/l | 5.35 ± 0.55 | 5.33 ± 0.58 | 5.40 ± 0.55 | 5.30 ± 0.52 | 0.65 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 138.5 ± 63.0 | 136.4 ± 60.4 | 139.7 ± 67.4 | 138.7 ± 58.8 | 0.71 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 88.0 ± 65.0 | 86.0 ± 62.1 | 89.0 ± 9.8 | 88.4 ± 60.3 | 0.71 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.60 ± 1.03 | 5.60 ± 1.07 | 5.62 ± 1.01 | 5.56 ± 1.02 | 0.72 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.41 ± 0.40 | 1.34 ± 0.39 | 1.44 ± 0.41 | 1.44 ± 0.37 | 0.01 |
| Triacylglycerol, mmol/l | 1.45 ± 0.81 | 1.62 ± 1.02 | 1.39 ± 0.62 | 1.40 ± 0.81 | 0.02 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | 2.55 ± 4.74 | 3.17 ± 7.03 | 2.52 ± 3.54 | 2.03 ± 3.31 | 0.05 |
| Alcohol consumption, g/day | 18.3 ± 11.0 | 19.4 ± 12.7 | 19.0 ± 10.9 | 16.1 ± 9.3 | 0.006 |
| Fastingb, yes (%) | 628 (100) | 173 (99) | 271 (100) | 184 (100) | 0.15 |
Data are mean ± SD or n (%)
aCurrent vs never smokers
bThe participants who provided blood after an overnight fast