Fig. 2.

HIV infection, replication, key proteins, and drug targets. Shown are the protein targets that have been identified in HIV as well as the selective effects of HIV therapies. These targets are responsible for steps in viral replication such as (1) cell entry, (2) reverse transcription into viral DNA, (3) integration into the human genome, and (4) maturation of viral proteins into functional proteins. This figure also lists FDA-approved drugs that target specific proteins such as (1) CCR5 and CD4 inhibitors, (2) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), (3) integrase inhibitors, and (4) protease inhibitors. HIV regimens commonly include inhibitors of multiple steps in viral replication to reduce the incidence of viral drug resistance. *As a note, additional entry proteins have been characterized such as CXCR4, but there are currently no FDA-approved drug products targeting that protein