Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with acute acquired comitant esotropia
| A | ||||||
| Patient Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Age (years)/Sex | 13/F | 16/M | 16/M | 12/F | 7/M | 15/F |
| Wearing spectacles | − | + | + | + | − | + |
| Duration of esotropia (months) | 3 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 5 |
| Smartphone use per day (hours) | 5 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 8 |
| Duration of smartphone use (months) | 6 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 8 |
| Presence of diplopia | − | + | + | + | − | + |
| Presenting VA, Rt/Lt (logMAR) | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 |
| UCVA, Rt/Lt (logMAR) | 0.0/0.0 | 0.5/0.5 | 0.4/0.3 | 0.8/0.8 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.5/0.4 |
| BCVA, Rt/Lt (logMAR) | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | ||
| Manifest refraction (SE), Rt/Lt (D) | +0.25/ +0.25 |
−3.00/ −3.50 |
−4.00/ −3.75 |
−4.50/ −4.50 |
−0.75/ −0.5 |
−4.50/ −4.25 |
| Cycloplegic refraction (SE), Rt/Lt (D) | +1.50/ +1.50 |
−2.00/ −2.25 |
−3.50/ −3.50 |
−4.00/ −4.25 |
+0.25/ +0.25 |
−4.50/ −4.25 |
| Spectacle glasses power (SE), Rt/Lt (D) | Nil | −3.00/ −3.50 |
−3.75/ −3.50 |
−4.00/ −4.25 |
Nil | −4.25/ −4.00 |
| Sensory function (arc seconds) at initial presentation | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil |
| Bagolini striated glasses test results | Unsuppressed esotropia | Unsuppressed esotropia | Unsuppressed esotropia | Unsuppressed esotropia | Unsuppressed esotropia | Unsuppressed esotropia |
| Esodeviation at initial presentation, distance/near (PD) | 45/45 | 35/35 | 45/45 | 35/35 | 25/25 | 20/20 |
| Esodeviation after restriction of smartphone use, distance/near (PD) | 35/35 | 30/30 | 30/30 | 15/15 | 8/12 | 12/4 |
| Operation | BMR | BMR | BMR | – | – | – |
| Esodeviation at last follow up visit, distance/near (PD) | Ortho/Ortho | Ortho/Ortho | Ortho/Ortho | 15/15 | 8/12 | 12/6 |
| Sensory function at last follow up visit (arc seconds) | 40 | 40 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 40 |
| Bagolini striated glasses tset results after operation | Normal binocular single vision | Normal binocular single vision | Normal binocular single vision | Nil | Nil | Nil |
| Recurrence | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Follow-up period (months) | 14 | 12 | 8 | 11 | 4 | 6 |
| B | ||||||
| Patient Number | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Age (years)/Sex | 15/F | 16/M | 15/F | 7/M | 16/F | 12/F |
| Wearing spectacles | + | + | − | − | + | + |
| Duration of esotropia (months) | 4 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| Smartphone use per day (hours) | 8 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 8 |
| Duration of smartphone use (months) | 6 | 12 | 24 | 12 | 8 | 4 |
| Presence of diplopia | + | + | + | − | + | + |
| Presenting VA, Rt/Lt (logMAR) | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 |
| UCVA, Rt/Lt (logMAR) | 1.0/1.0 | 1.0/1.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.8/0.8 | 0.4/0.4 |
| BCVA, Rt/Lt (logMAR) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | 0.0/0.0 | |
| Manifest refraction (SE), Rt/Lt (D) | −4.25/ −4.75 |
−4.50/ −4.75 |
+0.50/ +0.25 |
+0.75/ +1.125 |
−7.5/ −7.5 |
−1.625/ −1.625 |
| Cycloplegic refraction (SE), Rt/Lt (D) | −4.125/ −4.25 |
−3.50/ −4.00 |
+0.50/ +0.50 |
+1.0/ +1.25 |
−7.25/ −7.25 |
−1.5/ −1.375 |
| Spectacle glasses power (SE), Rt/Lt (D) | −4.00/ −4.50 |
−4.00/ −4.375 |
Nil | Nil | −7.0/ −7.0 |
−1.50/ −1.375 |
| Sensory function (arc seconds) at initial presentation | Nil | 100 | Nil | 800 | 100 | 400 |
| Bagolini striated glasses test results | Unsuppressed esotropia | Unsuppressed esotropia | Unsuppressed esotropia | Unsuppressed esotropia | Unsuppressed esotropia | Unsuppressed esotropia |
| Esodeviation at initial presentation, distance/near (PD) | 25/30 | 15/15 | 35/35 | 20/20 | 8/10 | 25/25 |
| Esodeviation after restriction of smartphone use, distance/near (PD) | 20/20 | 15/12 | 25/25 | 10/10 | 6/0 | 15/15 |
| Operation | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Esodeviation at last follow up visit, distance/near (PD) | 20/20 | 15/12 | 25/25 | 10/10 | 6/0 | 15/15 |
| Sensory function at last follow up visit (arc seconds) | Nil | 100 | Nil | 100 | 60 | 100 |
| Recurrence | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Follow up period (months) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 |
Abbreviations: VA visual acuity, UCVA uncorrected visual acuity, BCVA best corrected visual acuity, Rt right, Lt left, PD prism diopter, SE spherical equivalent, D diopter, BMR bilateral medial rectus recession, Ortho Orthophoria