Table 1.
Study instruments and measures of reliability and descriptive statistics
| # items | Alpha coefficient | n | Mean (SD) (%) | Median | [Min, max] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Knowledge [49, 50] (% correct out of 45) | 45 | 0.875a | 193 | 73.5 (15.6) | 75.6 | [4.4, 100.0] |
| CESD depression [51] | 20 | 0.899 | 193 | 16.7 (11.8) | 13.0 | [0, 48.0] |
| Personal stigma [52] | 24 | 0.869 | 190 | 46.0 (10.5) | 47.5 | [24.0, 76.0] |
| Spiritual wellbeing (EWB) [53, 54] | 10 | 0.812 | 188 | 46.3 (8.2) | 46.0 | [20.0, 60.0] |
| Spiritual wellbeing (RWB) [53, 54] | 10 | 0.838 | 188 | 51.6 (7.9) | 54.0 | [22.0, 60.0] |
| Spiritual wellbeing (SWB) [53, 54] | 20 | 0.885 | 189 | 97.4 (15.4) | 98.0 | [40.0, 120.0] |
| Difficult life circumstances [55] | 33 | 0.789 | 192 | 8.4 (4.5) | 8.0 | [0.0, 22.0] |
| PRQ social support [56] | 25 | 0.903 | 189 | 134.6 (22.9) | 138.0 | [45.0, 175.0] |
| PSQIII total satisfaction [57, 58] | 50 | 0.935 | 191 | 193.5 (30.0) | 198.0 | [87.2, 250.0] |
| HIV self-management | 22 | 0.809 | 191 | 71.8 (10.3) | 74.0 | [38.0, 88.0] |
| Brief RCOPE—positive [59, 60] (≤18 vs >18) | 7 | 0.920 | 191 | 17.3 (4.2) | 19.0 | [3.0, 21.0] |
| (% scored >18) | 99 | 51.8 % | ||||
| Brief RCOPE—negative [59, 60] (≤2 vs >2) | 7 | 0.847 | 180 | 4.0 (4.5) | 3.0 | [0.0, 21.0] |
| (% scored >2) | 93 | 51.7 % | ||||
| Condom self-efficacyb [47] | 34 | 0.949 | 154 | 4.0 (0.7) | 4.0 | [1.6, 5.0] |
| HIV medication self efficacy [48] | 19 | 0.860 | 192 | 164.2 (22.9) | 169.0 | [67.0, 190.0] |
| Outcome expectancy for HIV adherence [48] | 22 | 0.910 | 192 | 86.2 (14.0) | 86.0 | [30.0, 110.0] |
| Condom outcome expectancy [47] | ||||||
| Partner reaction | 7 | 0.808 | 187 | 26.8 (5.3) | 27.0 | [11.0, 35.0] |
| Physical hedonism | 5 | 0.821 | 192 | 17.8 (4.1) | 18.0 | [6.0, 25.0] |
| Positive self evaluation (≤30 vs >30) | 7 | 0.882 | 190 | 29.9 (4.9) | 31.0 | [11.0, 35.0] |
| (% scored >30) | 96 | 50.5 % | ||||
| Prevention efficacy (<10 vs =10) | 2 | 0.750 | 192 | 8.7 (1.8) | 9.5 | [2.0, 10.0] |
| (% score =10) | 96 | 50.0 % | ||||
| Social approval (≤ 15 vs >15) | 4 | 0.923 | 173 | 16.6 (3.6) | 16.0 | [4.0, 20.0] |
| (% scored >15) | 140 | 80.9 % | ||||
| Negative self evaluation (≤11 vs >11) | 3 | 0.828 | 189 | 11.6 (3.0) | 12.0 | [3.0, 15.0] |
| (% scored >11) | 115 | 60.8 % | ||||
| Multidimensional desire for control [61] | ||||||
| Internal | 7 | 0.813 | 190 | 18.8 (7.7) | 19.0 | [7.0, 35.0] |
| External (≤ 24 vs >24) | 6 | 0.813 | 190 | 23.6 (6.1) | 25.0 | [6.0, 30.0] |
| (% scored >24) | 100 | 52.6 % | ||||
| Shared (<20 vs =20) | 4 | 0.873 | 192 | 17.9 (3.8) | 20.0 | [4.0, 20.0] |
| (% score =20) | 110 | 57.3 % | ||||
| Safer sex motivation [43, 44] | ||||||
| Internal (<91 vs =91) | 13 | 0.860 | 188 | 86.1 (8.9) | 90.0 | [25.0, 91.0] |
| (% score =91) | 86 | 45.7 % | ||||
| External | 10 | 0.901 | 187 | 45.3 (17.9) | 46.0 | [10.0, 70.0] |
| HIV adherence motivation [43, 44] | ||||||
| Internal (≤84 vs =84) | 12 | 0.759 | 193 | 78.8 (7.5) | 82.0 | [44.0, 84.0] |
| (% score =84) | 76 | 39.4 % | ||||
| External | 13 | 0.889 | 193 | 53.8 (21.0) | 55.0 | [13.0, 91.0] |
| HIV status disclosure to main partner | ||||||
| No, don’t know, refused to answer, not applicable or missingc | 64 | (33.2 %) | ||||
| Yes | 129 | (66.8 %) |
Cα is Chronbach’s alpha reliability
a
Cα reported for HIV Knowledge is the Kuder-Richardon-20 (KR-20) statistics since the knowledge items are dichotomously scored (correct/ incorrect)
b
39 subjects did not respond completely to the Condom Self-Efficacy instrument
c
Only 1 subject did not respond to the HIV Status Disclosure question