Table 1.

Classification of hypoproliferative anemia

Nutritional deficiency

• Iron

• Vitamin B12

• Folate

Anemia of chronic disease and inflammation

Anemia of renal disease

Exposure to toxins or drugs

• Alcohol

• Drugs

Endocrine abnormality

• Hypothyroidism

• Hyperthyroidism

• Panhypopituitalism

• Primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism

• Androgen deficiency (male)

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Secondary to hematologic malignancies

• Leukemia

• Lymphoma

• Multiple myeloma

• Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

• Myeloproliferative neoplasms

Bone marrow failure syndromes (see Table 2)

Myelophthisic anemia

• Metastatic cancers

• Hematologic malignancies

• Infections

• Autoimmune diseases

• Granulomatous diseases

• Renal osteodystrophy

• Hypo- and hyperparathyroidism